Btec Applied Science Unit One Biology
What is the function of the mitochondria? - answercellular respiration
What is the function of the ribosomes? - answerprotein synthesis
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? - answerSynthesis and
transport of lipids and carbohydrates
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? - answerModified and packaged proteins
into vesicles for transport
What is the function of the lysosomes? - answerDigests old cell material and waste
What is the function of the centrioles? - answerForm into spindle fibres for cell division
What is the function of the chloroplasts? - answerphotosynthesis
What is the function of the tonoplasts? - answerThe membrane around the vacuole to
keep it together
What is the function of the vacuole? - answerMaintain turgid pressure in the plant cell
What is the function of the plasmodestmata? - answerTo allow materials to pass
through the cell wall
What is the function of the amyloplasts? - answerStarch synthesis and storage
Name three organelles which are only in plant cells - answerVacuole, chloroplasts, cell
wall
Define eukaryotic cells - answerAre part of a multicellular organisms
Define prokaryotic cells - answerAre unicellular organisms
, Name two differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? - answerEukaryotic
has a nucleus but prokaryotic doesn't my eukaryotic has a membrane bound organelles
while prokaryotic doesn't
What two dyes are used to show gram positive and gram negative bacteria? -
answerCrystal violet and safranin
Describe the difference between gram positive and gram negative? - answerGram
negative has thin cell walls so the ethanol washes out the crystal violet, so they appear
safranin pink. Gram positive appears purple
Describe the key features of a sperm cell? - answerAcross one to penetrate the egg, tail
for swimming, lots of mitochondria for energy
Describe the features of egg cells? - answerHormones to attract the speed, zona
pellucuda to protect the egg, corona radiate to supply protein to developing foetus
What is TEM? - answerTransmission electron microscope
What is SEM? - answerScanning electron microscope
Compare TEM and SEM - answerTEM produces images of thin slices of material
whereas SEM looks at the surface topography. Both are very magnified compared to
the light microscopes and require dead samples.
Describe how a light microscope works - answerLight microscopes use visible light and
magnifying lenses to observe small objects
Describe how an electron microscope works - answerThey use a beam of electrons in a
vacuum with a wavelength of less than 1 nm to visualise the specimen
Give one positive and one limitation of light microscopes - answerPositive - can observe
living structures
Negative - relatively low magnification (x500) and resolution (x200nm)
Give one positive and one negative of electron microscopes - answerPositive - high
magnification (x500000) and resolution (0.1nm)
Negative - destroys the sample
Magnification equation - answermagnification = image size/actual size
Describe the key features of a palisade cell - answerFound in leaves, they are
rectangular box shaped cells that contain chloroplasts. The chloroplasts can absorb
light for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts move around in the cytoplasm to maximise the
amount of light absorbed
What is the function of the mitochondria? - answercellular respiration
What is the function of the ribosomes? - answerprotein synthesis
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? - answerSynthesis and
transport of lipids and carbohydrates
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? - answerModified and packaged proteins
into vesicles for transport
What is the function of the lysosomes? - answerDigests old cell material and waste
What is the function of the centrioles? - answerForm into spindle fibres for cell division
What is the function of the chloroplasts? - answerphotosynthesis
What is the function of the tonoplasts? - answerThe membrane around the vacuole to
keep it together
What is the function of the vacuole? - answerMaintain turgid pressure in the plant cell
What is the function of the plasmodestmata? - answerTo allow materials to pass
through the cell wall
What is the function of the amyloplasts? - answerStarch synthesis and storage
Name three organelles which are only in plant cells - answerVacuole, chloroplasts, cell
wall
Define eukaryotic cells - answerAre part of a multicellular organisms
Define prokaryotic cells - answerAre unicellular organisms
, Name two differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? - answerEukaryotic
has a nucleus but prokaryotic doesn't my eukaryotic has a membrane bound organelles
while prokaryotic doesn't
What two dyes are used to show gram positive and gram negative bacteria? -
answerCrystal violet and safranin
Describe the difference between gram positive and gram negative? - answerGram
negative has thin cell walls so the ethanol washes out the crystal violet, so they appear
safranin pink. Gram positive appears purple
Describe the key features of a sperm cell? - answerAcross one to penetrate the egg, tail
for swimming, lots of mitochondria for energy
Describe the features of egg cells? - answerHormones to attract the speed, zona
pellucuda to protect the egg, corona radiate to supply protein to developing foetus
What is TEM? - answerTransmission electron microscope
What is SEM? - answerScanning electron microscope
Compare TEM and SEM - answerTEM produces images of thin slices of material
whereas SEM looks at the surface topography. Both are very magnified compared to
the light microscopes and require dead samples.
Describe how a light microscope works - answerLight microscopes use visible light and
magnifying lenses to observe small objects
Describe how an electron microscope works - answerThey use a beam of electrons in a
vacuum with a wavelength of less than 1 nm to visualise the specimen
Give one positive and one limitation of light microscopes - answerPositive - can observe
living structures
Negative - relatively low magnification (x500) and resolution (x200nm)
Give one positive and one negative of electron microscopes - answerPositive - high
magnification (x500000) and resolution (0.1nm)
Negative - destroys the sample
Magnification equation - answermagnification = image size/actual size
Describe the key features of a palisade cell - answerFound in leaves, they are
rectangular box shaped cells that contain chloroplasts. The chloroplasts can absorb
light for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts move around in the cytoplasm to maximise the
amount of light absorbed
