Summary Chapter 6 Skeletal System I Seeley's Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9th Edition I Johmel De Ocampo

This text discusses the skeletal system including its functions, structure, types of bones, and joints. Some key points: The skeletal system provides support, protects organs, allows movement, stores minerals, and produces blood cells. The extracellular matrix of bone consists of collagen, proteoglycans, minerals and water. There are four categories of bone: long, short, flat, and irregular. Long bones have a shaft, ends, and growth plates. Bone tissue consists of osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteclasts, compact bone, and spongy bone. Bone grows through endochondral and intramembranous ossification, elongation at growth plates, and remodeling by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. During repair, a callus forms and is replaced by bone. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. The skull has 22 bones. The vertebral column has 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 1 sacrum, and 1 coccyx. The rib cage consists of ribs and the sternum. The appendicular skeleton includes the upper and lower limbs and their girdles. The upper limb has the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand. The lower limb has the thigh, leg, ankle, and foot. Joints can be fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial. Synovial joints allow the most movement and include ball-and-socket, hinge, and pivot joints. Many types of movement are possible at joints.