lOMoARcPSD|34096219
A-level
ECONOMICS
Paper 1 Markets and Market Failure
Monday 20 May 2023 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours
Materials
For this paper you must have:
an AQA 12-page answer book
a calculator.
Instructions
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Pencil should only be used for drawing.
Write the information required on the front cover of your
answer book. The Paper Reference is 7136/1.
In Section A answer EITHER Context 1 OR Context 2.
In Section B, answer ONE essay.
Information
The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
There are 40 marks for Section A and 40 marks for Section B.
You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
You are advised to spend 1 hour on Section A and 1 hour on Section B.
June 2023 QP - Paper 1 AQA Economics A-level
, lOMoARcPSD|34096219
2
Section A
Answer EITHER Context 1 OR Context 2.
EITHER
Context 1 Total for this context: 40 marks
The market for sand
Study Extracts A, B and C, and then answer all parts of Context 1 which follow.
Extract A
Figure 1: Indices of US producer prices for sand, Figure 2: Global demand for sand
Jan 2010–Jan 2018 (Jan 2010=100) (millions of tons), 2010–2025
Source: Federal Reserve Economic Data, 2018 Source: The Freedonia Group/National Post,
2018
Extract B: Is the world running out of sand?
Sand is in high demand. Sand accounts for up to 85% of all mining and the global
depletion of sand is rapidly exceeding its natural renewal rate. Sand is mostly
used in the construction industry to make concrete and asphalt. Chinese demand
has risen significantly, reflecting the country's rapid pace of construction: it built
32.3 million houses and 4.5 million kilometres of
road between 2011 and 2014. Sand also has industrial uses: it is used to make glass, 5
electronics, and to help extract oil in the fracking industry. While market demand for
industrial
sand has tracked overall economic growth in the USA, the demand for fracking
sand has been as volatile as oil prices.
Vast quantities of sand are dumped into the sea to reclaim land: Singapore, for
example, has expanded its land area by over 20% since the 1960s. Much of this sand
originates from
10
Indonesia, where sand miners have completely erased over 20 islands since 2005. The
A-level
ECONOMICS
Paper 1 Markets and Market Failure
Monday 20 May 2023 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours
Materials
For this paper you must have:
an AQA 12-page answer book
a calculator.
Instructions
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Pencil should only be used for drawing.
Write the information required on the front cover of your
answer book. The Paper Reference is 7136/1.
In Section A answer EITHER Context 1 OR Context 2.
In Section B, answer ONE essay.
Information
The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
There are 40 marks for Section A and 40 marks for Section B.
You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
You are advised to spend 1 hour on Section A and 1 hour on Section B.
June 2023 QP - Paper 1 AQA Economics A-level
, lOMoARcPSD|34096219
2
Section A
Answer EITHER Context 1 OR Context 2.
EITHER
Context 1 Total for this context: 40 marks
The market for sand
Study Extracts A, B and C, and then answer all parts of Context 1 which follow.
Extract A
Figure 1: Indices of US producer prices for sand, Figure 2: Global demand for sand
Jan 2010–Jan 2018 (Jan 2010=100) (millions of tons), 2010–2025
Source: Federal Reserve Economic Data, 2018 Source: The Freedonia Group/National Post,
2018
Extract B: Is the world running out of sand?
Sand is in high demand. Sand accounts for up to 85% of all mining and the global
depletion of sand is rapidly exceeding its natural renewal rate. Sand is mostly
used in the construction industry to make concrete and asphalt. Chinese demand
has risen significantly, reflecting the country's rapid pace of construction: it built
32.3 million houses and 4.5 million kilometres of
road between 2011 and 2014. Sand also has industrial uses: it is used to make glass, 5
electronics, and to help extract oil in the fracking industry. While market demand for
industrial
sand has tracked overall economic growth in the USA, the demand for fracking
sand has been as volatile as oil prices.
Vast quantities of sand are dumped into the sea to reclaim land: Singapore, for
example, has expanded its land area by over 20% since the 1960s. Much of this sand
originates from
10
Indonesia, where sand miners have completely erased over 20 islands since 2005. The
