Veterinary Anesthesia Final Exam
Anesthesia - answer Loss of feeling or sensation
Premedication - answer Drugs administered to the patient before general anesthesia is induced
Anesthetic induction - answer The process of bringing a patient from a state of consciousness to
general anesthesia usually by means of injectable anesthetic drugs
Anesthetic maintenance - answer The process used to keep patients under general anesthesia until
the procedure is over
Local anesthesia - answer The loss of sensation in a localized body part or region without the loss
of consciousness
Analgesia - answer A state without pain
Sedation - answer A state of calm or drowsiness
Tranquilization - answer A state of relaxation and reduction of anxiety (muscles are so relaxed they
don't work anymore)
Neuroleptanalgesia - answer A state of profound sedation and analgesia produced by giving
simultaneous administration of an opioid and tranquilizer
Objectives of anesthesia: - answer Produce a loss of sensation
Provide muscle relaxation
Provide analgesia
Alter consciousness
Balanced anesthesia - answer The process of using multiple different drugs that have
complimentary effects (make it the best possible experience we can)
Steps of anesthesia: - answer Patient evaluation and preparation
Equipment and supplies
Preanesthetic medication
Induction
Maintenance
Recovery
When should a PE be performed by a DVM? - answer Before administering any drugs to the patient
Who is responsible for obtaining and recording a TPR, MM color, CRT, mentation, and weight? -
, answer LVT
ARA (anesthetic risk assessment) - answer Information collected via the physical exam and
laboratory results will allow the DVM to formulate
ARA scale 1 - answer Minimal risk, normal healthy patient undergoing an elective procedure (spay,
neuter, declaw)
ARA scale 2 - answer Low risk, patient with mild systemic disease. Neonatal, geriatric or obese
patients. Patients with mild dehydration (procedures such as lump removal; may be an elective
procedure)
ARA scale 3 - answer Moderate risk, patient with severe systemic disease such as anemia, moderate
dehydration, and compensated major organ disease
ARA scale 4 - answer High risk, patient with severe systemmic disease that is a constant threat to
life (ruptured bladder, internal hemorrhage, pneumothorax and pyometra)
ARA scale 5 - answer Extreme risk, patient is moribund (on the way to death) that is not expected to
live without the operation (severe head trauma, pulmonary embolus, GDV, and end-stage organ
failure)
How are ET tubes placed? - answer Inside the trachea of an unconscious patient, attached to a
breathing tube, and connected to the anesthetic machine
Benefits or ET tubes: - answer Allows an open airway, prevents aspiration of stomach contents and
water and allows for manual ventilation if needed (breathing for patient)
What is used to measure ET tubes? - answer The internal diameter (ID)
Laryngoscope - answer Used to allow better visualization of the pharynx and larynx when placing
ET tubes
Two parts to laryngoscopes: - answer Blade (with light)
Handle
What animal(s) are laryngoscopes NOT used on? - answer Cattle or horses
Masks - answer Cone shaped devices that allow you to deliver oxygen and/or anesthetic gases to the
patient without intubating them
What do masks NOT do? - answer Maintain an open airway, prevent aspiration, nor allow you to
manually ventilate for the patient
Induction chambers - answer Modified fish tank; allows you to provide the patient with O2 and/or
anesthetic gas; very helpful in anesthetizing aggressive small animals such as cats and some dogs
Anesthetic machine - answer Used to deliver O2 and anesthetic gas to a patient which allows us to
maintain them at a surgical plane of anesthesia
Oxygen source - answer Either attached to the machine or piped in
Anesthesia - answer Loss of feeling or sensation
Premedication - answer Drugs administered to the patient before general anesthesia is induced
Anesthetic induction - answer The process of bringing a patient from a state of consciousness to
general anesthesia usually by means of injectable anesthetic drugs
Anesthetic maintenance - answer The process used to keep patients under general anesthesia until
the procedure is over
Local anesthesia - answer The loss of sensation in a localized body part or region without the loss
of consciousness
Analgesia - answer A state without pain
Sedation - answer A state of calm or drowsiness
Tranquilization - answer A state of relaxation and reduction of anxiety (muscles are so relaxed they
don't work anymore)
Neuroleptanalgesia - answer A state of profound sedation and analgesia produced by giving
simultaneous administration of an opioid and tranquilizer
Objectives of anesthesia: - answer Produce a loss of sensation
Provide muscle relaxation
Provide analgesia
Alter consciousness
Balanced anesthesia - answer The process of using multiple different drugs that have
complimentary effects (make it the best possible experience we can)
Steps of anesthesia: - answer Patient evaluation and preparation
Equipment and supplies
Preanesthetic medication
Induction
Maintenance
Recovery
When should a PE be performed by a DVM? - answer Before administering any drugs to the patient
Who is responsible for obtaining and recording a TPR, MM color, CRT, mentation, and weight? -
, answer LVT
ARA (anesthetic risk assessment) - answer Information collected via the physical exam and
laboratory results will allow the DVM to formulate
ARA scale 1 - answer Minimal risk, normal healthy patient undergoing an elective procedure (spay,
neuter, declaw)
ARA scale 2 - answer Low risk, patient with mild systemic disease. Neonatal, geriatric or obese
patients. Patients with mild dehydration (procedures such as lump removal; may be an elective
procedure)
ARA scale 3 - answer Moderate risk, patient with severe systemic disease such as anemia, moderate
dehydration, and compensated major organ disease
ARA scale 4 - answer High risk, patient with severe systemmic disease that is a constant threat to
life (ruptured bladder, internal hemorrhage, pneumothorax and pyometra)
ARA scale 5 - answer Extreme risk, patient is moribund (on the way to death) that is not expected to
live without the operation (severe head trauma, pulmonary embolus, GDV, and end-stage organ
failure)
How are ET tubes placed? - answer Inside the trachea of an unconscious patient, attached to a
breathing tube, and connected to the anesthetic machine
Benefits or ET tubes: - answer Allows an open airway, prevents aspiration of stomach contents and
water and allows for manual ventilation if needed (breathing for patient)
What is used to measure ET tubes? - answer The internal diameter (ID)
Laryngoscope - answer Used to allow better visualization of the pharynx and larynx when placing
ET tubes
Two parts to laryngoscopes: - answer Blade (with light)
Handle
What animal(s) are laryngoscopes NOT used on? - answer Cattle or horses
Masks - answer Cone shaped devices that allow you to deliver oxygen and/or anesthetic gases to the
patient without intubating them
What do masks NOT do? - answer Maintain an open airway, prevent aspiration, nor allow you to
manually ventilate for the patient
Induction chambers - answer Modified fish tank; allows you to provide the patient with O2 and/or
anesthetic gas; very helpful in anesthetizing aggressive small animals such as cats and some dogs
Anesthetic machine - answer Used to deliver O2 and anesthetic gas to a patient which allows us to
maintain them at a surgical plane of anesthesia
Oxygen source - answer Either attached to the machine or piped in
