Chapter 11: The Muscular System Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 12th Edition, by Bryan Derrickson, Gerald Tortora.

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 12th Edition, by Bryan Derrickson, Gerald Tortora. Multiple Choice & Essays 1. Most muscles cross at least one a. tendon b. joint c. bone d. ligament e. body plane Ans: B Difficulty: easy Feedback: 11.1 2. The attachment of a muscles tendon to the stationary bone is called the ; the attachment of the muscles other tendon to the movable bone is called . a. origin, action b. insertion, action c. origin, insertion d. insertion, origin e. insertion, action Ans: C Difficulty: easy Feedback: 11.1 3. This is an inflammation of the synovial membrane surrounding a joint. a. tenosynovitis b. tendonitis c. synovitis d. tendon inflammation e. capsule inflammation Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 11.1 4. A lever is acted on at two different points by two different forces which are a. fulcrum and resistance b. leverage and load c. lever and resistance d. effort and load e. lever and effort Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 11.1 5. Motion will occur in a muscle when the supplied exceeds the . a. effort, load b. resistance, lever c. load, effort d. load, resistance e. lever, effort Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 11.1 6. Which of the following is not a fascicle arrangement? a. pennate b. triangular c. oval d. parallel e. fusiform Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 11.1 7. Briefly describe the differences between a mechanical advantage and a mechanical disadvantage. Ans: A lever operates at a mechanical advantage when a smaller effort can move a heavier load. The effort must move a greater distance or have a longer range of motion and be faster than the load. A lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage when a larder effort moves a lighter load. The effort must move more slowly and for a shorter distance than the load. Difficulty: medium Feedback: 11.1 8. Briefly describe the three categories of levers, an example of each and if each one works at an advantage or disadvantage. Ans: If the fulcrum is between the effort and the load it is a first class lever. Scissors are an example of a first class lever. A first class lever can produce either a mechanical advantage or disadvantage depending on whether the effort or load is closer to the fulcrum. If the load is between the fulcrum and the effort it is a second class lever. A wheel barrow is an example of a second class lever. They operate at a mechanical advantage because the load is always closer to the fulcrum than the effort. If the effort is between the fulcrum and the load it is a third class lever. Forceps are an example of a third class lever. They operate at a mechanical disadvantage because the effort is always closer to the fulcrum than the load. Difficulty: medium Feedback: 11.1