BIOL 235 Final Exam With 100% Correct
Answers 2023
Erythrocytes contain the enzyme - Correct Answer-carbonic anhydrase
carbonic anhydrase catalyzes - Correct Answer-the conversion of metabolically
produced C)2 and water into carbonic acid
fixed phagocytic macrophages - Correct Answer-remove most old erythrocytes from
circulation
Location of fixed phagocytic macrophages - Correct Answer-narrow capillaries of the
spleen
Undifferentiated cells called pluripotent stem cells reside - Correct Answer-in the bone
marrow
pluripotent stem cells - Correct Answer-continuously divide and develop myeloid stem
cells and lymphoid stem cells to give rise to each of the types of blood cells
emigration or diapedesis - Correct Answer-The process of leukocytes squeezing
through the capillary endothelium to exit the vasculature
agglutinins - Correct Answer-genetically-determined glycoprotein and glycolipid
antigens found on the surface of an erythrocyte
ESV - Correct Answer-volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been
completed
Increase in ESV when - Correct Answer-stroke volume is decreased
Three cations with important effect on heart function - Correct Answer-K+, Ca2+, and
Na+
Increased blood levels of NA+ - Correct Answer-blocks Ca2+ inflow and decreases
force of contraction
Excess in K+ - Correct Answer-blocks generation of action potentials
pharynx - Correct Answer-serves as a sound resonating chamber, contains tonsils,
directs air flow inferiorly
larynx - Correct Answer-passes air form pharynx into windpipe, site of sound production
,paranasal sinuses - Correct Answer-resonates sound, not part of the pharynx
fauces - Correct Answer-opening from oral cavity into pharynx
tertiary bronchus - Correct Answer-carries air to a segment of a lung
terminal bronchiole - Correct Answer-carries air directly into a respiratory bronchiole
pleural membranes - Correct Answer-surround the lungs
surfactant - Correct Answer-reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange
alveoli - Correct Answer-actual sites of gas exchange
eupnea - Correct Answer-normal, quiet breathing
costal breathing - Correct Answer-shallow breathing using just the external intercostal
muscles
compliance - Correct Answer-amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest
wall
inspiratory capacity - Correct Answer-tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume, usually
about 3600 mL in males
vital capacity - Correct Answer-tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory
reserve volume; usually about 4800 mL in males
functional residual capacity - Correct Answer-residual volume + expiratory reserve
volume; usually about 2400 mL in males
Henry's law - Correct Answer-states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid
is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility
Bohr effect - Correct Answer-when pH decreases, O2 saturation of hemoglobin
decreases
Dalton's law - Correct Answer-each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own partial
pressure
medulla oblongata - Correct Answer-sets basic rhythm of breathing
pons - Correct Answer-includes the pontine respiratory group
,Blood is - Correct Answer-a connective tissue that consists of blood plasma (liquid) plus
formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)
Whole blood - Correct Answer-blood plasma and formed elements
Blood plasma - Correct Answer-proteins, water, other solutes
Blood plasma proteins - Correct Answer-albumins (54%), globulins (36%), fibrinogens
(7%)
Formed elements - Correct Answer-red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Blood cell production - Correct Answer-hemopoesis, mainly occurs in red bone marrow
after birth
Reticulocyte - Correct Answer-from proerythrocyte, ejects nucleus
Average lifespan of an erythrocyte - Correct Answer-120 days
Rate of RBC formation by red blood cells - Correct Answer-equals the rate of RBC
destruction by macrophages
Emigration or diapedesis is - Correct Answer-the process by which phagocytic cells
leave blood vessels
WBCs use to destroy pathogens - Correct Answer-lysozyme, defensins, and certain
anions
Neutrophils - Correct Answer-are usually the first and most numerous responders to an
infection
Macrophages - Correct Answer-react more slowly to an infection than neutrophils do
Pluripotent stem cells are derived from - Correct Answer-mesenchyme
Megakaryoblasts - Correct Answer-platelet precursor cells, develop into
megakaryocytes
Platelet - Correct Answer-fragment of megakaryocyte that is enclosed by a piece of
plasma membrane
Platelet plug - Correct Answer-can stop blood loss completely if the hole in a blood
vessel is small enough
Hemostasis - Correct Answer-sequence of responses that stops bleeding, vascular
spasm, platelet plug formation, blood clotting
, Blood clot - Correct Answer-gel that contains formed elements of the blood entangled in
fibrin threads
In blood clotting - Correct Answer-coagulation factors are activated in sequence,
resulting in a cascade of reactions that includes positive feedback cycles
Extrinsic pathway of blood clotting - Correct Answer-fewer steps, thromboplastic leaks
into the blood from cells outside (extrinsic to) blood vessels and initiates the formation of
prothrombinase
Intrinsic pathway of blood clotting - Correct Answer-more complex, occurs more slowly,
activators are in direct contact with blood or contained within (intrinsic to) the blood.
Outside tissue damage is not needed.
clotting pathway - Correct Answer-Prothrombinase - prothrombin - thrombin - soluble
fibrinogen - insoluble fibrin - threads of clot
Common pathway - Correct Answer-formation of prothrombinase marks the beginning
of the____
In an incompatible blood transfusion - Correct Answer-antibodies in the recipient's
plasma bind to the antigens on the donated RBCs which causes agglutination
(clumping)
Antibodies in your plasma don't react with - Correct Answer-antigens on your red blood
cells
HDN - Correct Answer-occurs when maternal anti-Rh antibodies cross the placenta and
cause hemolysis of fetal RBC
ABO blood typing - Correct Answer-blood is mixed with anti-A and anti-B serum
The heart is located in - Correct Answer-the mediastinum
Pericardium - Correct Answer-triple-layered sac that surrounds and protects the heart
Pericardium two main parts - Correct Answer-fibrous pericardium and serous
pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - Correct Answer-superficial, tough, inelastic, bag that attaches to
the diaphragm, prevents overstretching of the heart, anchors the heart in the
mediastinum
Serous pericardium - Correct Answer-parietal layer, visceral layer (epicardium)
Answers 2023
Erythrocytes contain the enzyme - Correct Answer-carbonic anhydrase
carbonic anhydrase catalyzes - Correct Answer-the conversion of metabolically
produced C)2 and water into carbonic acid
fixed phagocytic macrophages - Correct Answer-remove most old erythrocytes from
circulation
Location of fixed phagocytic macrophages - Correct Answer-narrow capillaries of the
spleen
Undifferentiated cells called pluripotent stem cells reside - Correct Answer-in the bone
marrow
pluripotent stem cells - Correct Answer-continuously divide and develop myeloid stem
cells and lymphoid stem cells to give rise to each of the types of blood cells
emigration or diapedesis - Correct Answer-The process of leukocytes squeezing
through the capillary endothelium to exit the vasculature
agglutinins - Correct Answer-genetically-determined glycoprotein and glycolipid
antigens found on the surface of an erythrocyte
ESV - Correct Answer-volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been
completed
Increase in ESV when - Correct Answer-stroke volume is decreased
Three cations with important effect on heart function - Correct Answer-K+, Ca2+, and
Na+
Increased blood levels of NA+ - Correct Answer-blocks Ca2+ inflow and decreases
force of contraction
Excess in K+ - Correct Answer-blocks generation of action potentials
pharynx - Correct Answer-serves as a sound resonating chamber, contains tonsils,
directs air flow inferiorly
larynx - Correct Answer-passes air form pharynx into windpipe, site of sound production
,paranasal sinuses - Correct Answer-resonates sound, not part of the pharynx
fauces - Correct Answer-opening from oral cavity into pharynx
tertiary bronchus - Correct Answer-carries air to a segment of a lung
terminal bronchiole - Correct Answer-carries air directly into a respiratory bronchiole
pleural membranes - Correct Answer-surround the lungs
surfactant - Correct Answer-reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange
alveoli - Correct Answer-actual sites of gas exchange
eupnea - Correct Answer-normal, quiet breathing
costal breathing - Correct Answer-shallow breathing using just the external intercostal
muscles
compliance - Correct Answer-amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest
wall
inspiratory capacity - Correct Answer-tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume, usually
about 3600 mL in males
vital capacity - Correct Answer-tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory
reserve volume; usually about 4800 mL in males
functional residual capacity - Correct Answer-residual volume + expiratory reserve
volume; usually about 2400 mL in males
Henry's law - Correct Answer-states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid
is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility
Bohr effect - Correct Answer-when pH decreases, O2 saturation of hemoglobin
decreases
Dalton's law - Correct Answer-each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own partial
pressure
medulla oblongata - Correct Answer-sets basic rhythm of breathing
pons - Correct Answer-includes the pontine respiratory group
,Blood is - Correct Answer-a connective tissue that consists of blood plasma (liquid) plus
formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)
Whole blood - Correct Answer-blood plasma and formed elements
Blood plasma - Correct Answer-proteins, water, other solutes
Blood plasma proteins - Correct Answer-albumins (54%), globulins (36%), fibrinogens
(7%)
Formed elements - Correct Answer-red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Blood cell production - Correct Answer-hemopoesis, mainly occurs in red bone marrow
after birth
Reticulocyte - Correct Answer-from proerythrocyte, ejects nucleus
Average lifespan of an erythrocyte - Correct Answer-120 days
Rate of RBC formation by red blood cells - Correct Answer-equals the rate of RBC
destruction by macrophages
Emigration or diapedesis is - Correct Answer-the process by which phagocytic cells
leave blood vessels
WBCs use to destroy pathogens - Correct Answer-lysozyme, defensins, and certain
anions
Neutrophils - Correct Answer-are usually the first and most numerous responders to an
infection
Macrophages - Correct Answer-react more slowly to an infection than neutrophils do
Pluripotent stem cells are derived from - Correct Answer-mesenchyme
Megakaryoblasts - Correct Answer-platelet precursor cells, develop into
megakaryocytes
Platelet - Correct Answer-fragment of megakaryocyte that is enclosed by a piece of
plasma membrane
Platelet plug - Correct Answer-can stop blood loss completely if the hole in a blood
vessel is small enough
Hemostasis - Correct Answer-sequence of responses that stops bleeding, vascular
spasm, platelet plug formation, blood clotting
, Blood clot - Correct Answer-gel that contains formed elements of the blood entangled in
fibrin threads
In blood clotting - Correct Answer-coagulation factors are activated in sequence,
resulting in a cascade of reactions that includes positive feedback cycles
Extrinsic pathway of blood clotting - Correct Answer-fewer steps, thromboplastic leaks
into the blood from cells outside (extrinsic to) blood vessels and initiates the formation of
prothrombinase
Intrinsic pathway of blood clotting - Correct Answer-more complex, occurs more slowly,
activators are in direct contact with blood or contained within (intrinsic to) the blood.
Outside tissue damage is not needed.
clotting pathway - Correct Answer-Prothrombinase - prothrombin - thrombin - soluble
fibrinogen - insoluble fibrin - threads of clot
Common pathway - Correct Answer-formation of prothrombinase marks the beginning
of the____
In an incompatible blood transfusion - Correct Answer-antibodies in the recipient's
plasma bind to the antigens on the donated RBCs which causes agglutination
(clumping)
Antibodies in your plasma don't react with - Correct Answer-antigens on your red blood
cells
HDN - Correct Answer-occurs when maternal anti-Rh antibodies cross the placenta and
cause hemolysis of fetal RBC
ABO blood typing - Correct Answer-blood is mixed with anti-A and anti-B serum
The heart is located in - Correct Answer-the mediastinum
Pericardium - Correct Answer-triple-layered sac that surrounds and protects the heart
Pericardium two main parts - Correct Answer-fibrous pericardium and serous
pericardium
Fibrous pericardium - Correct Answer-superficial, tough, inelastic, bag that attaches to
the diaphragm, prevents overstretching of the heart, anchors the heart in the
mediastinum
Serous pericardium - Correct Answer-parietal layer, visceral layer (epicardium)
