Geriatrics Exam 1 Takeaways Questions With 100%
Correct Answers.
What 4 things lead to successful aging?
-Low rate of disease and disability
-High cognition
-High physical capacity
-Active engagement with life
What is the biological theory of aging?
Aging is programmed
Aging is accumulation of damage or error
What is the psychosocial theory of aging?
-Social engagement, physical activity, social roles, environmental factors
What is ageism?
Negative perception or attitude towards aging
Are more aging adults rating their health as worse or better than previous
generations?
Better
What are skeletal changes of aging?
-Greater bone resorption than bone formation
-Loss of cortical bone
Osteoporosis is a pathological condition where bone mineral density is how far
below the average for a healthy adult?
2.5 standard deviations
What are muscular changes of aging?
Loss of muscle cells and alpha motor neurons
What is the most common muscle cell to lose with aging? What are these for?
Type 2B fibers
-For power
Sarcopenia is related to?
Loss of muscle mass
Muscle disease or failure characterized by low muscle mass is?
Sarcopenia
5 components to frailty?
-Weakness
-Slowness
-Self-reported exhaustion
-Unintentional weight loss
-Low physical activity
Weakness as a part of frailty is seen how?
Low grip strength- grip strength test
Slowness as a part of frailty is seen how?
Slow walking speed- 10MWT
How does aging affect the cardiovascular system?
, Cardiac output declines
-High rates of HTN and CAD
What do we need to assess to properly look at a decline in cardiac output for an
aging population?
Dehydration
How does aging affect the pulmonary system?
Lung performance/function declines
How does aging affect the integumentary system?
Skin changes: Decreased collagen, elasticity, wound healing, increased dryness
Skin changes lead to?
Decreased ability for thermoregulation and shock absorption
The aging population is at risk of what due to skin changes?
-Heat stroke
-Skin conditions: Herpes zoster
What sensory changes occur in the aging population?
-Presbyopia (visual)
-Presbycusis (hearing)
What is presbyopia?
Age-related vision change: Loss of elasticity of the lens
Presbyopia (loss of elasticity of the lens) results in?
Decreased ability to focus and cause patients to need reading glasses
What are pathological changes in vision for the aging population?
-Macular degen
-Glaucoma
What is the most common and leading cause of blindness worldwide?
Macular degeneration
Macular degeneration is the loss of?
Central vision field loss
Glaucoma results in?
Peripheral vision field loss
Presbycusis is?
Loss of hearing of high frequency sounds
What are health related issues that can impact memory?
-Medications
-Vitamin B12 deficiency
-Chronic alcoholism
-Brain tumors
-Infections
-Blood clots
-Emotional problem
-Metabolic disorders
MiniCOG is what type of tool? What does it's score mean?
Screening
4/5 need further testing (need A+ to pass)
What is a normal score for Mini-Mental Status Examination?
27/30 or above
Correct Answers.
What 4 things lead to successful aging?
-Low rate of disease and disability
-High cognition
-High physical capacity
-Active engagement with life
What is the biological theory of aging?
Aging is programmed
Aging is accumulation of damage or error
What is the psychosocial theory of aging?
-Social engagement, physical activity, social roles, environmental factors
What is ageism?
Negative perception or attitude towards aging
Are more aging adults rating their health as worse or better than previous
generations?
Better
What are skeletal changes of aging?
-Greater bone resorption than bone formation
-Loss of cortical bone
Osteoporosis is a pathological condition where bone mineral density is how far
below the average for a healthy adult?
2.5 standard deviations
What are muscular changes of aging?
Loss of muscle cells and alpha motor neurons
What is the most common muscle cell to lose with aging? What are these for?
Type 2B fibers
-For power
Sarcopenia is related to?
Loss of muscle mass
Muscle disease or failure characterized by low muscle mass is?
Sarcopenia
5 components to frailty?
-Weakness
-Slowness
-Self-reported exhaustion
-Unintentional weight loss
-Low physical activity
Weakness as a part of frailty is seen how?
Low grip strength- grip strength test
Slowness as a part of frailty is seen how?
Slow walking speed- 10MWT
How does aging affect the cardiovascular system?
, Cardiac output declines
-High rates of HTN and CAD
What do we need to assess to properly look at a decline in cardiac output for an
aging population?
Dehydration
How does aging affect the pulmonary system?
Lung performance/function declines
How does aging affect the integumentary system?
Skin changes: Decreased collagen, elasticity, wound healing, increased dryness
Skin changes lead to?
Decreased ability for thermoregulation and shock absorption
The aging population is at risk of what due to skin changes?
-Heat stroke
-Skin conditions: Herpes zoster
What sensory changes occur in the aging population?
-Presbyopia (visual)
-Presbycusis (hearing)
What is presbyopia?
Age-related vision change: Loss of elasticity of the lens
Presbyopia (loss of elasticity of the lens) results in?
Decreased ability to focus and cause patients to need reading glasses
What are pathological changes in vision for the aging population?
-Macular degen
-Glaucoma
What is the most common and leading cause of blindness worldwide?
Macular degeneration
Macular degeneration is the loss of?
Central vision field loss
Glaucoma results in?
Peripheral vision field loss
Presbycusis is?
Loss of hearing of high frequency sounds
What are health related issues that can impact memory?
-Medications
-Vitamin B12 deficiency
-Chronic alcoholism
-Brain tumors
-Infections
-Blood clots
-Emotional problem
-Metabolic disorders
MiniCOG is what type of tool? What does it's score mean?
Screening
4/5 need further testing (need A+ to pass)
What is a normal score for Mini-Mental Status Examination?
27/30 or above
