NURS 6730 FINAL EXAM PREP
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
ANSWERED
2023/2024
,1. What are the three core functions of public health? Explain each function
briefly and give an example of how it is implemented in practice.
- The three core functions of public health are assessment, policy development and
assurance. Assessment involves collecting and analyzing data on the health status and
needs of the population, such as conducting surveys, surveillance and epidemiological
studies. Policy development involves designing and advocating for interventions that
address the identified health problems and priorities, such as developing guidelines,
regulations and programs. Assurance involves ensuring that the policies and
interventions are effectively delivered and evaluated, such as providing quality
assurance, monitoring and feedback mechanisms.
2. What are the main determinants of health? How do they interact to influence
health outcomes?
- The main determinants of health are the social, economic, environmental and
biological factors that affect the health of individuals and populations. They
interact in complex and dynamic ways to influence health outcomes, such as
morbidity, mortality and quality of life. For example, poverty, education,
housing, pollution, genetics, lifestyle and access to health care are some of the
determinants that can have positive or negative effects on health.
3. What is the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary prevention?
Give an example of each level of prevention in public health.
- Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of disease or injury by reducing
exposure to risk factors or enhancing protective factors, such as immunization,
sanitation and health education. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat disease
or injury early to prevent complications or progression, such as screening, diagnosis and
treatment. Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the impact or disability caused by disease
or injury by restoring function or providing rehabilitation, such as surgery,
physiotherapy and palliative care.
, 4. What is the difference between communicable and non-communicable
diseases? Give an example of each type of disease and explain how they can be
prevented or controlled in public health.
- Communicable diseases are caused by infectious agents that can be transmitted from
person to person or from animals or environment to humans, such as bacteria, viruses,
parasites and fungi. Examples of communicable diseases are tuberculosis, influenza,
malaria and HIV/AIDS. They can be prevented or controlled by reducing exposure to
the sources or vectors of infection, breaking the chain of transmission, enhancing
immunity through vaccination or treatment and isolating or quarantining infected
cases.
- Non-communicable diseases are caused by chronic or degenerative conditions that are
not transmitted by infectious agents, such as genetic disorders, metabolic disorders,
cardiovascular diseases, cancers and mental disorders. Examples of non-communicable
diseases are diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease and depression. They can be
prevented or controlled by modifying the risk factors or behaviors that contribute to
their development or progression, such as smoking, diet, physical activity and stress
management.
5. What is the difference between health promotion and health protection? Give
an example of each strategy in public health.
- Health promotion is a process that enables individuals and communities to increase
control over their own health and well-being by enhancing their knowledge, skills and
resources. Health promotion focuses on empowering people to make healthy choices
and take action to improve their health status. An example of health promotion is a
campaign that educates people about the benefits of physical activity and encourages
them to participate in sports or exercise programs.
- Health protection is a process that protects individuals and communities from threats
or hazards that can harm their health and well-being by reducing their exposure or
vulnerability. Health protection focuses on enforcing standards and regulations that
prevent or minimize the risk of injury or illness. An example of health protection is a
policy that bans smoking in public places or workplaces.
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
ANSWERED
2023/2024
,1. What are the three core functions of public health? Explain each function
briefly and give an example of how it is implemented in practice.
- The three core functions of public health are assessment, policy development and
assurance. Assessment involves collecting and analyzing data on the health status and
needs of the population, such as conducting surveys, surveillance and epidemiological
studies. Policy development involves designing and advocating for interventions that
address the identified health problems and priorities, such as developing guidelines,
regulations and programs. Assurance involves ensuring that the policies and
interventions are effectively delivered and evaluated, such as providing quality
assurance, monitoring and feedback mechanisms.
2. What are the main determinants of health? How do they interact to influence
health outcomes?
- The main determinants of health are the social, economic, environmental and
biological factors that affect the health of individuals and populations. They
interact in complex and dynamic ways to influence health outcomes, such as
morbidity, mortality and quality of life. For example, poverty, education,
housing, pollution, genetics, lifestyle and access to health care are some of the
determinants that can have positive or negative effects on health.
3. What is the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary prevention?
Give an example of each level of prevention in public health.
- Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of disease or injury by reducing
exposure to risk factors or enhancing protective factors, such as immunization,
sanitation and health education. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat disease
or injury early to prevent complications or progression, such as screening, diagnosis and
treatment. Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the impact or disability caused by disease
or injury by restoring function or providing rehabilitation, such as surgery,
physiotherapy and palliative care.
, 4. What is the difference between communicable and non-communicable
diseases? Give an example of each type of disease and explain how they can be
prevented or controlled in public health.
- Communicable diseases are caused by infectious agents that can be transmitted from
person to person or from animals or environment to humans, such as bacteria, viruses,
parasites and fungi. Examples of communicable diseases are tuberculosis, influenza,
malaria and HIV/AIDS. They can be prevented or controlled by reducing exposure to
the sources or vectors of infection, breaking the chain of transmission, enhancing
immunity through vaccination or treatment and isolating or quarantining infected
cases.
- Non-communicable diseases are caused by chronic or degenerative conditions that are
not transmitted by infectious agents, such as genetic disorders, metabolic disorders,
cardiovascular diseases, cancers and mental disorders. Examples of non-communicable
diseases are diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease and depression. They can be
prevented or controlled by modifying the risk factors or behaviors that contribute to
their development or progression, such as smoking, diet, physical activity and stress
management.
5. What is the difference between health promotion and health protection? Give
an example of each strategy in public health.
- Health promotion is a process that enables individuals and communities to increase
control over their own health and well-being by enhancing their knowledge, skills and
resources. Health promotion focuses on empowering people to make healthy choices
and take action to improve their health status. An example of health promotion is a
campaign that educates people about the benefits of physical activity and encourages
them to participate in sports or exercise programs.
- Health protection is a process that protects individuals and communities from threats
or hazards that can harm their health and well-being by reducing their exposure or
vulnerability. Health protection focuses on enforcing standards and regulations that
prevent or minimize the risk of injury or illness. An example of health protection is a
policy that bans smoking in public places or workplaces.
