NURS 6050 FINAL EXAM
PREP
(Policy and Advocacy for
Improving Population Health)
ANSWERED
2023/2024
.
, 1. What is policy and why is it important for population health? (2 marks)
Policy is a set of principles, rules, or guidelines that direct or influence the actions and decisions of
individuals, groups, or organizations. Policy is important for population health because it can shape the
social, economic, and environmental determinants of health, create opportunities and incentives for
health promotion and disease prevention, and allocate resources and responsibilities for health care and
public health services. (Source: https://www.cdc.gov/publichealth101/policy.html)
2. What are the main types of policy instruments and how do they differ in their effectiveness and
feasibility? (3 marks)
The main types of policy instruments are regulation, taxation/subsidy, information/education, and
persuasion/negotiation. They differ in their effectiveness and feasibility depending on the nature of the
problem, the target population, the political context, and the ethical implications. For example,
regulation may be more effective and feasible for addressing environmental hazards or infectious
diseases than for changing individual behaviors or social norms. Taxation/subsidy may be more effective
and feasible for influencing market outcomes or redistributing income than for ensuring quality or
equity of health care services. Information/education may be more effective and feasible for raising
awareness or enhancing skills than for overcoming barriers or motivating action. Persuasion/negotiation
may be more effective and feasible for building consensus or resolving conflicts than for enforcing
compliance or imposing sanctions. (Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK228991/)
3. What are the main steps of the policy cycle and what are the key tasks and challenges involved in
each step? (5 marks)
The main steps of the policy cycle are agenda setting, policy formulation, policy adoption, policy
implementation, and policy evaluation. The key tasks and challenges involved in each step are:
PREP
(Policy and Advocacy for
Improving Population Health)
ANSWERED
2023/2024
.
, 1. What is policy and why is it important for population health? (2 marks)
Policy is a set of principles, rules, or guidelines that direct or influence the actions and decisions of
individuals, groups, or organizations. Policy is important for population health because it can shape the
social, economic, and environmental determinants of health, create opportunities and incentives for
health promotion and disease prevention, and allocate resources and responsibilities for health care and
public health services. (Source: https://www.cdc.gov/publichealth101/policy.html)
2. What are the main types of policy instruments and how do they differ in their effectiveness and
feasibility? (3 marks)
The main types of policy instruments are regulation, taxation/subsidy, information/education, and
persuasion/negotiation. They differ in their effectiveness and feasibility depending on the nature of the
problem, the target population, the political context, and the ethical implications. For example,
regulation may be more effective and feasible for addressing environmental hazards or infectious
diseases than for changing individual behaviors or social norms. Taxation/subsidy may be more effective
and feasible for influencing market outcomes or redistributing income than for ensuring quality or
equity of health care services. Information/education may be more effective and feasible for raising
awareness or enhancing skills than for overcoming barriers or motivating action. Persuasion/negotiation
may be more effective and feasible for building consensus or resolving conflicts than for enforcing
compliance or imposing sanctions. (Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK228991/)
3. What are the main steps of the policy cycle and what are the key tasks and challenges involved in
each step? (5 marks)
The main steps of the policy cycle are agenda setting, policy formulation, policy adoption, policy
implementation, and policy evaluation. The key tasks and challenges involved in each step are:
