NRNP 6810 FINAL EXAM
Primary Care Approaches for
Children
ANSWERED
2023/2024
, 1. What are the four main components of the primary health care model for children? Explain each
component briefly.
- The four main components are: a) child health promotion, which includes activities such as immunization,
nutrition, and injury prevention; b) child health protection, which involves identifying and addressing
environmental and social factors that affect children's health; c) child health maintenance, which covers
routine and preventive care such as growth monitoring, developmental screening, and oral health; and d)
child health restoration, which refers to the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic conditions in
children.
2. What are some common barriers to accessing primary care for children from low-income families? How
can nurses help overcome these barriers?
- Some common barriers are: a) lack of health insurance or inadequate coverage; b) high out-of-pocket costs
or co-payments; c) transportation difficulties or long distances to clinics; d) limited availability or
acceptability of services; e) cultural or linguistic differences or discrimination; and f) low health literacy or
awareness of services. Nurses can help overcome these barriers by: a) providing information and education
about the benefits of primary care and the available resources; b) advocating for policies and programs that
improve access and affordability of care; c) collaborating with community partners and other health
professionals to coordinate care and referrals; d) delivering culturally competent and family-centered care;
e) using interpreters or translators when needed; and f) empowering families to participate in decision-
making and self-management of their children's health.
3. What are some key principles of family-centered care in primary care settings? Give an example of how
you would apply each principle in practice.
- Some key principles are: a) respect for the family's values, beliefs, preferences, and strengths; b)
partnership and collaboration between the family and the health care team; c) information sharing and
communication in a clear, honest, and timely manner; d) participation and involvement of the family in all
aspects of care planning, delivery, and evaluation; e) empowerment and support of the family to enhance
their coping skills, confidence, and competence. An example of how to apply each principle is: a) asking the
family about their goals, expectations, and concerns for their child's health; b) inviting the family to join the
team meetings and consultations; c) explaining the diagnosis, treatment options, benefits, risks, and
outcomes to the family in a language they understand; d) encouraging the family to ask questions, express
their opinions, and provide feedback; e) providing the family with education, resources, referrals, and
follow-up as needed.
4. What are some common developmental milestones for children aged 0-5 years? How would you assess
the developmental status of a child in this age group?
- Some common developmental milestones are: a) by 6 months, the child can roll over, sit with support,
reach for objects, babble, smile, and respond to sounds; b) by 12 months, the child can crawl, stand with
support, use simple gestures, say a few words, imitate sounds, and recognize familiar people; c) by 18
months, the child can walk independently, climb stairs with help, point to body parts, say 10-20 words,
follow simple commands, and show affection; d) by 24 months, the child can run, kick a ball, use a spoon,
name objects,
say 50-100 words, combine two words, identify shapes and colors,
Primary Care Approaches for
Children
ANSWERED
2023/2024
, 1. What are the four main components of the primary health care model for children? Explain each
component briefly.
- The four main components are: a) child health promotion, which includes activities such as immunization,
nutrition, and injury prevention; b) child health protection, which involves identifying and addressing
environmental and social factors that affect children's health; c) child health maintenance, which covers
routine and preventive care such as growth monitoring, developmental screening, and oral health; and d)
child health restoration, which refers to the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic conditions in
children.
2. What are some common barriers to accessing primary care for children from low-income families? How
can nurses help overcome these barriers?
- Some common barriers are: a) lack of health insurance or inadequate coverage; b) high out-of-pocket costs
or co-payments; c) transportation difficulties or long distances to clinics; d) limited availability or
acceptability of services; e) cultural or linguistic differences or discrimination; and f) low health literacy or
awareness of services. Nurses can help overcome these barriers by: a) providing information and education
about the benefits of primary care and the available resources; b) advocating for policies and programs that
improve access and affordability of care; c) collaborating with community partners and other health
professionals to coordinate care and referrals; d) delivering culturally competent and family-centered care;
e) using interpreters or translators when needed; and f) empowering families to participate in decision-
making and self-management of their children's health.
3. What are some key principles of family-centered care in primary care settings? Give an example of how
you would apply each principle in practice.
- Some key principles are: a) respect for the family's values, beliefs, preferences, and strengths; b)
partnership and collaboration between the family and the health care team; c) information sharing and
communication in a clear, honest, and timely manner; d) participation and involvement of the family in all
aspects of care planning, delivery, and evaluation; e) empowerment and support of the family to enhance
their coping skills, confidence, and competence. An example of how to apply each principle is: a) asking the
family about their goals, expectations, and concerns for their child's health; b) inviting the family to join the
team meetings and consultations; c) explaining the diagnosis, treatment options, benefits, risks, and
outcomes to the family in a language they understand; d) encouraging the family to ask questions, express
their opinions, and provide feedback; e) providing the family with education, resources, referrals, and
follow-up as needed.
4. What are some common developmental milestones for children aged 0-5 years? How would you assess
the developmental status of a child in this age group?
- Some common developmental milestones are: a) by 6 months, the child can roll over, sit with support,
reach for objects, babble, smile, and respond to sounds; b) by 12 months, the child can crawl, stand with
support, use simple gestures, say a few words, imitate sounds, and recognize familiar people; c) by 18
months, the child can walk independently, climb stairs with help, point to body parts, say 10-20 words,
follow simple commands, and show affection; d) by 24 months, the child can run, kick a ball, use a spoon,
name objects,
say 50-100 words, combine two words, identify shapes and colors,
