EKG Dysrythmias - EKG Dysrhythmias Exam 1
, E K G ’ s & C A R D I O
• Cardiac Output Total blood volume pumped per minute (4-8 L/min)
• Preload Amount of blood returned to the right side of the heart at the end of
DIASTOLE
• Afterload Pressure that the left ventricle must pump against (the resistance it must
overcome to circulate blood) SYSTOLIC
CO = HR x Stroke Volume
Ejection Fraction % of blood expelled from the left ventricle with each contraction (50-70%) [
To maintain adequate blood flow through the coronary arteries the MEAN ARTERIAL
PRESSURE (MAP) must be at least 60 mmHg ]
, • Paradoxical Blood Pressure Exaggerated decrease in systolic pressure by more than
10 mmHg during the inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle (normal is 3-10
mmHg)
o May be caused by pericardial tamponade, constrictive pericarditis,
and pulmonary hypertension
• Central Venous Pressure measured by palpating venous palpations in the neck to
assess the adequacy of blood volume and CVP
• Pericardial Friction Rub originates from the pericardial sac and occurs with
movements of the heart during the cardiac cycle / Usually associated with signs
of inflammation, infection, or infiltration. May be heard in patients with
pericarditis, resulting from MI or cardiac tamponade.
• Lab Values:
o Troponin: released in the blood stream when cardiac muscle damage is
detected. Troponin is not found in healthy patients, so any elevation is
indicative of cardiac damage.
• Diagnostics:
o CARDIAC CATHERIZATION
, E K G ’ s & C A R D I O
• Cardiac Output Total blood volume pumped per minute (4-8 L/min)
• Preload Amount of blood returned to the right side of the heart at the end of
DIASTOLE
• Afterload Pressure that the left ventricle must pump against (the resistance it must
overcome to circulate blood) SYSTOLIC
CO = HR x Stroke Volume
Ejection Fraction % of blood expelled from the left ventricle with each contraction (50-70%) [
To maintain adequate blood flow through the coronary arteries the MEAN ARTERIAL
PRESSURE (MAP) must be at least 60 mmHg ]
, • Paradoxical Blood Pressure Exaggerated decrease in systolic pressure by more than
10 mmHg during the inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle (normal is 3-10
mmHg)
o May be caused by pericardial tamponade, constrictive pericarditis,
and pulmonary hypertension
• Central Venous Pressure measured by palpating venous palpations in the neck to
assess the adequacy of blood volume and CVP
• Pericardial Friction Rub originates from the pericardial sac and occurs with
movements of the heart during the cardiac cycle / Usually associated with signs
of inflammation, infection, or infiltration. May be heard in patients with
pericarditis, resulting from MI or cardiac tamponade.
• Lab Values:
o Troponin: released in the blood stream when cardiac muscle damage is
detected. Troponin is not found in healthy patients, so any elevation is
indicative of cardiac damage.
• Diagnostics:
o CARDIAC CATHERIZATION
