NURS 6501 Knowledge Check: Module 2 Answer Key
Why is HDL considered the "good" cholesterol?
HDL is considered the good cholesterol because it collects excess cholesterol in the
body cells and transports it to the liver where it is excreted in the body cells and
transports it to the liver where it is excreted in the body. HDL carries 20-25% of total
plasma cholesterol.
Explain the role inflammation has in the development of atherosclerosis.
Inflammation in the heart muscle caused by chronic inflammatory processes leads to
mitochondrial damage that results in an increased free radical production that further
activates the chronic inflammatory vicious cycle.
What does the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) recognize as the
result of
the pleural friction rub?
The inflammation of the pericardium, due to either the underlying autoimmune disease
or a post viral syndrome, causes roughening of the pericardium. The roughening of the
pericardium causes the classic "rub" which can best be heard at the apex of the heart
and left sternal border.
Explain how a positive strep test has caused the patient's symptoms.
Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) only develops after a pharyngeal infection with Group
A beta hemolytic streptococcus. It is an abnormal response to humoral and cell-
mediated response to M proteins on the microorganisms. The intense inflammation
caused by these reactions cause proliferative and exudative lesions in connective
tissue. This inflammation causes scarring of the valve tissue. The inflammation usually
affects the endocardium which contains the valves. Endocardial inflammation causes
swelling of leaflets in the valves
the APRN sees a 74-year-old obese female patient who is 2 days post-op after
undergoing left total hip replacement. The patient has had severe post op nausea
and vomiting and has been unable to go to physical therapy. Her mucus
membranes are dry. The patient says she feels like the skin on her left leg is too
tight. Exam reveals a swollen, tense, and red colored calf. The patient has a
duplex ultrasound which reveals the presence of a deep venous thrombosis
(DVT).
Question:Describe the factors that could have contributed to the development of
a DVT in this
patient explain how each of the factors could cause DVT.
Virchow's Triad caused damage to the walls of the vessels. When there is injury to the
intimal layer of the vessel, antiplatelet substances such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin,
along with the expression of collagen on the vessel wall, causes adherence of the
platelets to the vessel wall. The platelets become activated then aggregate forming
clots. Venous stasis as a result of obesity, patient's advanced age and inability to go to
physical therapy
Explain why a large pulmonary embolus interferes with oxygenation.
Why is HDL considered the "good" cholesterol?
HDL is considered the good cholesterol because it collects excess cholesterol in the
body cells and transports it to the liver where it is excreted in the body cells and
transports it to the liver where it is excreted in the body. HDL carries 20-25% of total
plasma cholesterol.
Explain the role inflammation has in the development of atherosclerosis.
Inflammation in the heart muscle caused by chronic inflammatory processes leads to
mitochondrial damage that results in an increased free radical production that further
activates the chronic inflammatory vicious cycle.
What does the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) recognize as the
result of
the pleural friction rub?
The inflammation of the pericardium, due to either the underlying autoimmune disease
or a post viral syndrome, causes roughening of the pericardium. The roughening of the
pericardium causes the classic "rub" which can best be heard at the apex of the heart
and left sternal border.
Explain how a positive strep test has caused the patient's symptoms.
Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) only develops after a pharyngeal infection with Group
A beta hemolytic streptococcus. It is an abnormal response to humoral and cell-
mediated response to M proteins on the microorganisms. The intense inflammation
caused by these reactions cause proliferative and exudative lesions in connective
tissue. This inflammation causes scarring of the valve tissue. The inflammation usually
affects the endocardium which contains the valves. Endocardial inflammation causes
swelling of leaflets in the valves
the APRN sees a 74-year-old obese female patient who is 2 days post-op after
undergoing left total hip replacement. The patient has had severe post op nausea
and vomiting and has been unable to go to physical therapy. Her mucus
membranes are dry. The patient says she feels like the skin on her left leg is too
tight. Exam reveals a swollen, tense, and red colored calf. The patient has a
duplex ultrasound which reveals the presence of a deep venous thrombosis
(DVT).
Question:Describe the factors that could have contributed to the development of
a DVT in this
patient explain how each of the factors could cause DVT.
Virchow's Triad caused damage to the walls of the vessels. When there is injury to the
intimal layer of the vessel, antiplatelet substances such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin,
along with the expression of collagen on the vessel wall, causes adherence of the
platelets to the vessel wall. The platelets become activated then aggregate forming
clots. Venous stasis as a result of obesity, patient's advanced age and inability to go to
physical therapy
Explain why a large pulmonary embolus interferes with oxygenation.
