PMHNP NR 547 Final Study Guide With Correct Answers
When do you consider Unipolar versus Bipolar depression Answer: Unipolar major
depression (major depressive disorder) is characterized by a history of one or more
major depressive episodes (table 3) and no history of mania (table 1) or hypomania
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) Answer: Scoring Instructions. Score 1 point for
each bolded answer. A score of 5 or more suggests depression.
Self-reporting tool that may be used to diagnose and treat depression
Geriatric Depression Scale Answer: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a self-
report measure of depression in older adults. Users respond in a "Yes/No" format.
The GDS was originally developed as a 30-item instrument. Since this version
proved both time-consuming and difficult for some patients to complete, a 15-item
version was developed. The shortened form (GDS-S) is comprised of 15 items
chosen from the Geriatric Depression Scale-Long Form (GDS-L). These 15 items
were chosen because of their high correlation with depressive symptoms in previous
validation studies
Geriatric Depression Scale: Targeted Population Answer: he GDS may be used with
healthy, medically ill and mild to moderately cognitively impaired older adults. It has
been extensively used in community, acute care, and long-term care settings.
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Score Answer: Pharmacologic,
psychotherapeutic, or combination treatment indicated of the 15 items, 10 indicated
the presence of depression when answered positively, while the rest (question
numbers 1, 5, 7, 11, 13) indicated depression when answered negatively.
,Scores of 0-4 are considered normal, depending on age, education, and complaints;
(No Treatment)
5-8 indicate mild depression; (Pharmacologic or psychotherapeutic treatment may
be indicated
Base treatment on duration of symptoms and functional impairment
9-11 indicate moderate depression; (Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or
combination treatment indicated)
12-15 indicate severe depression.(Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or
combination treatment indicated
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Indication for Intervention Answer: The presence
of depression warrants prompt intervention and treatment. The GDS may be used to
monitor depression over time in all clinical settings.
Any positive score above 5 on the GDS Short Form should prompt an in-depth
psychological assessment and evaluation for suicidality.
Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9] Answer: A brief 9-item self-report
questionnaire used as a screening tool to assess severity of depression; widely used
by health care providers, in validity is well established, particularly for identifying
severe depression.
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Answer: Widely used to screen for depression
and to measure behavioral manifestations and severity of depression.
The BDI can be used for ages 13 to 80. The inventory contains 21 self-report items
which individuals complete using multiple choice response formats.
, The BDI takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. Validity and reliability of the
BDI has been tested across populations, worldwide.
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Answer: Designed for
use in the general population and is now used as a screener for depression in
primary care settings.
It includes 20 self-report items, scored on a 4-point scale, which measure major
dimensions of depression experienced in the past week.
The CES-D can be used for children as young as 6 and through older adulthood. It
has been tested across gender and cultural populations and maintains consistent
validity and reliability. The scale takes about 20 minutes to administer, including
scoring.
EQ-5D Answer: The EQ-5D is a standardized, non-disease specific instrument for
describing and evaluating health-related quality of life. The instrument measures
quality of life in five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort
and anxiety/depression.
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) Answer:
Mood Disorders: Depression Answer: Sadness, lethargy, inactivity and feelings of
helplessness and hopelessness
Genetic link
Behavioral changes: slower motor reactions
Cognitive changes: cognitive distortions
Physical changes: alters immune functioning
When do you consider Unipolar versus Bipolar depression Answer: Unipolar major
depression (major depressive disorder) is characterized by a history of one or more
major depressive episodes (table 3) and no history of mania (table 1) or hypomania
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) Answer: Scoring Instructions. Score 1 point for
each bolded answer. A score of 5 or more suggests depression.
Self-reporting tool that may be used to diagnose and treat depression
Geriatric Depression Scale Answer: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a self-
report measure of depression in older adults. Users respond in a "Yes/No" format.
The GDS was originally developed as a 30-item instrument. Since this version
proved both time-consuming and difficult for some patients to complete, a 15-item
version was developed. The shortened form (GDS-S) is comprised of 15 items
chosen from the Geriatric Depression Scale-Long Form (GDS-L). These 15 items
were chosen because of their high correlation with depressive symptoms in previous
validation studies
Geriatric Depression Scale: Targeted Population Answer: he GDS may be used with
healthy, medically ill and mild to moderately cognitively impaired older adults. It has
been extensively used in community, acute care, and long-term care settings.
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Score Answer: Pharmacologic,
psychotherapeutic, or combination treatment indicated of the 15 items, 10 indicated
the presence of depression when answered positively, while the rest (question
numbers 1, 5, 7, 11, 13) indicated depression when answered negatively.
,Scores of 0-4 are considered normal, depending on age, education, and complaints;
(No Treatment)
5-8 indicate mild depression; (Pharmacologic or psychotherapeutic treatment may
be indicated
Base treatment on duration of symptoms and functional impairment
9-11 indicate moderate depression; (Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or
combination treatment indicated)
12-15 indicate severe depression.(Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or
combination treatment indicated
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Indication for Intervention Answer: The presence
of depression warrants prompt intervention and treatment. The GDS may be used to
monitor depression over time in all clinical settings.
Any positive score above 5 on the GDS Short Form should prompt an in-depth
psychological assessment and evaluation for suicidality.
Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9] Answer: A brief 9-item self-report
questionnaire used as a screening tool to assess severity of depression; widely used
by health care providers, in validity is well established, particularly for identifying
severe depression.
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Answer: Widely used to screen for depression
and to measure behavioral manifestations and severity of depression.
The BDI can be used for ages 13 to 80. The inventory contains 21 self-report items
which individuals complete using multiple choice response formats.
, The BDI takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. Validity and reliability of the
BDI has been tested across populations, worldwide.
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Answer: Designed for
use in the general population and is now used as a screener for depression in
primary care settings.
It includes 20 self-report items, scored on a 4-point scale, which measure major
dimensions of depression experienced in the past week.
The CES-D can be used for children as young as 6 and through older adulthood. It
has been tested across gender and cultural populations and maintains consistent
validity and reliability. The scale takes about 20 minutes to administer, including
scoring.
EQ-5D Answer: The EQ-5D is a standardized, non-disease specific instrument for
describing and evaluating health-related quality of life. The instrument measures
quality of life in five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort
and anxiety/depression.
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) Answer:
Mood Disorders: Depression Answer: Sadness, lethargy, inactivity and feelings of
helplessness and hopelessness
Genetic link
Behavioral changes: slower motor reactions
Cognitive changes: cognitive distortions
Physical changes: alters immune functioning
