, a LANGE medical book
Harper’s
Illustrated
Biochemistry
twenty-sixth edition
Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD
Professor (Emeritus) of Biochemistry
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
Daryl K. Granner, MD
Joe C. Davis Professor of Biomedical Science
Director, Vanderbilt Diabetes Center
Professor of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
and of Medicine
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee
Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc
Emeritus Professor of Veterinary Biochemistry
Royal Veterinary College
University of London
London
Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
Professor of Biochemistry
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill
Medical Publishing Division
New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City
Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
,Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, Twenty-Sixth Edition
Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as
permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any
form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Previous editions copyright © 2000, 1996, 1993, 1990 by Appleton & Lange; copyright © 1988 by Lange Medical Publications.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
ISBN 0-07-138901-6
ISSN 1043-9811
Notice
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treat-
ment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be
reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the
time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors
nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that
the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any er-
rors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged
to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to
check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the
information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the
contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infre-
quently used drugs.
This book was set in Garamond by Pine Tree Composition
The editors were Janet Foltin, Jim Ransom, and Janene Matragrano Oransky.
The production supervisor was Phil Galea.
The illustration manager was Charissa Baker.
The text designer was Eve Siegel.
The cover designer was Mary McKeon.
The index was prepared by Kathy Pitcoff.
RR Donnelley was printer and binder.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
ISBN-0-07-121766-5 (International Edition)
Copyright © 2003. Exclusive rights by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., for
manufacture and export. This book cannot be re-exported from the country to which it
is consigned by McGraw-Hill. The International Edition is not available in North America.
, Authors
David A. Bender, PhD Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc
Sub-Dean Royal Free and University College Medical Emeritus Professor of Veterinary Biochemistry, Royal
School, Assistant Faculty Tutor and Tutor to Med- Veterinary College, University of London
ical Students, Senior Lecturer in Biochemistry, De-
partment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
University College London Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD
Professor (Emeritus) of Biochemistry, University of
Kathleen M. Botham, PhD, DSc Toronto
Reader in Biochemistry, Royal Veterinary College,
University of London Margaret L. Rand, PhD
Scientist, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Chil-
Daryl K. Granner, MD dren, Toronto, and Associate Professor, Depart-
ments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology
Joe C. Davis Professor of Biomedical Science, Director, and Department of Biochemistry, University of
Vanderbilt Diabetes Center, Professor of Molecular Toronto
Physiology and Biophysics and of Medicine, Vander-
bilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
Frederick W. Keeley, PhD Professor of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West
Lafayette, Indiana
Associate Director and Senior Scientist, Research Insti-
tute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, and Pro-
fessor, Department of Biochemistry, University of P. Anthony Weil, PhD
Toronto
Professor of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics,
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nash-
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD ville, Tennessee
Professor of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Insti-
tute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
vii
Harper’s
Illustrated
Biochemistry
twenty-sixth edition
Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD
Professor (Emeritus) of Biochemistry
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
Daryl K. Granner, MD
Joe C. Davis Professor of Biomedical Science
Director, Vanderbilt Diabetes Center
Professor of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
and of Medicine
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee
Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc
Emeritus Professor of Veterinary Biochemistry
Royal Veterinary College
University of London
London
Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
Professor of Biochemistry
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill
Medical Publishing Division
New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City
Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
,Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, Twenty-Sixth Edition
Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as
permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any
form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Previous editions copyright © 2000, 1996, 1993, 1990 by Appleton & Lange; copyright © 1988 by Lange Medical Publications.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
ISBN 0-07-138901-6
ISSN 1043-9811
Notice
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treat-
ment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be
reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the
time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors
nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that
the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any er-
rors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged
to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to
check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the
information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the
contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infre-
quently used drugs.
This book was set in Garamond by Pine Tree Composition
The editors were Janet Foltin, Jim Ransom, and Janene Matragrano Oransky.
The production supervisor was Phil Galea.
The illustration manager was Charissa Baker.
The text designer was Eve Siegel.
The cover designer was Mary McKeon.
The index was prepared by Kathy Pitcoff.
RR Donnelley was printer and binder.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
ISBN-0-07-121766-5 (International Edition)
Copyright © 2003. Exclusive rights by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., for
manufacture and export. This book cannot be re-exported from the country to which it
is consigned by McGraw-Hill. The International Edition is not available in North America.
, Authors
David A. Bender, PhD Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc
Sub-Dean Royal Free and University College Medical Emeritus Professor of Veterinary Biochemistry, Royal
School, Assistant Faculty Tutor and Tutor to Med- Veterinary College, University of London
ical Students, Senior Lecturer in Biochemistry, De-
partment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
University College London Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD
Professor (Emeritus) of Biochemistry, University of
Kathleen M. Botham, PhD, DSc Toronto
Reader in Biochemistry, Royal Veterinary College,
University of London Margaret L. Rand, PhD
Scientist, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Chil-
Daryl K. Granner, MD dren, Toronto, and Associate Professor, Depart-
ments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology
Joe C. Davis Professor of Biomedical Science, Director, and Department of Biochemistry, University of
Vanderbilt Diabetes Center, Professor of Molecular Toronto
Physiology and Biophysics and of Medicine, Vander-
bilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
Frederick W. Keeley, PhD Professor of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West
Lafayette, Indiana
Associate Director and Senior Scientist, Research Insti-
tute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, and Pro-
fessor, Department of Biochemistry, University of P. Anthony Weil, PhD
Toronto
Professor of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics,
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nash-
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD ville, Tennessee
Professor of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Insti-
tute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
vii
