Dialysis Tech - Final Exam Review (Final Exam Review -
PSC Spring 2024 Class) Questions & Answers Rated to
Score A+
Anticoagulation
Prevents clotting of RBC's; heparin is an anticoagulant medication.
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infection but can be caused by toxic
agents or medications.
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath, difficulty breathing.
Orthostatic Hypotension
Sudden decrease in BP when person changes position. Often occurs when pt stands up
after dialysis.
Afebrile
Without fever.
Bradycardia
HR below 60, slow HR or pulse.
Erythropoietin
(EPO). A hormone normally produced by the kidneys, causes bone marrow to produce
RBC's. EPO is the synthetic form of the hormone. (recombinant human erythropoietin, is
used to tx anemia.) EPO, ARANESP for example.
Sphygmomanometer
Device for measuring BP by means of an inflatable cuff placed around an extremity.
Dry Weight
Weight of dialysis pt when BP is normal and all excessive fluid is removed. Post-dialysis
weight. "Ideal Weight".
KT/V
A calculation result derived from urea kinetic modeling and identified adequacy of the
dialysis tx. (Clearance, Time, Volume.)
Hemolysis
Destruction/breakdown of RBC's, Hgb is released into surrounding fluid. Chlorine will
cause hemolysis. High temp of dialysate fluid will also cause hemolysis.
Edema
Collection of fluid in the body tissues. Swelling. Often soft and compressible.
Reprocessing
Re-use. Cleaning and disinfecting dialyzers and in some cases, blood lines, to be used
again by the same pt.
ACE inhibitors
BP medication. Blocks an enzyme in the body that causes blood vessels to narrow,
when the vessels relax the BP decreases.
Anemia
Too few RBC's. RBC's carry oxygen. If the RBC's decrease, not enough oxygen in the
body. Patients will be pale, tired, and fatigued. Common with CKD patients. Treated
with EPO or ARANESP. Severe anemia may require a blood transfusion.
, Type 1 Diabetes
Insulin-dependent diabetes. Pancreas doesn't produce insulin anymore. With diabetes,
characterized by increased blood sugar resulting from the body's inability to use glucose
effectively.
Extracorporeal Circuit
Circuit = arterial bloodline, dialyzer, venous bloodline, and extracorporeal blood circuit
monitors. Extension of patient's blood vessels outside the body, bringing blood back
from the access to the dialyzer and back to the patient. ( Extracorporeal = Outside to
body.)
Atherosclerosis
Type of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) caused by degeneration and fatty
changes in the walls of the arteries. (Plaque builds up)
ESRD
End Stage Renal Disease
Aneurysm
A blood-filled sac formed by the stretching and dilation of the wall of an artery. A
ballooning or bulging of a weak spot in a vessel.
Infiltration
When the needle passes through a vessel wall or access and causes bleeding into the
tissues, resulting in hematoma.
Febrile
Feverish. Having an elevated temperature.
Bolus
A single relatively large amount of something. In dialysis, HEPARIN can be given by
BOLUS. A bolus is given ALL at ONCE.
Albumin
A blood protein. Found in many body tissues. Gives an indication how well nourished a
patient is. Indicates NUTRITIONAL STATUS.
Air Embolism
Air bubble carried by the bloodstream. Can be life threatening.
Hyperkalemia
Serum potassium level higher than normal. Normal range is 3-5 mEq/L
Neuropathy
Damage to or disease of the nerves. Ex: Carpal tunnel in diabetics. Peripheral
neuropathy)
Nephron
Functional unit of the kidney.
Access
In dialysis, point on the body where a needle or catheter is inserted.
AKI
Acute Kidney Injury
Pre-weight
The patient's wt upon arrival to the dialysis clinic for tx.
Gain
The difference between the pt's wt after the last tx and pt's wt before the current tx
begins.
PSC Spring 2024 Class) Questions & Answers Rated to
Score A+
Anticoagulation
Prevents clotting of RBC's; heparin is an anticoagulant medication.
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infection but can be caused by toxic
agents or medications.
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath, difficulty breathing.
Orthostatic Hypotension
Sudden decrease in BP when person changes position. Often occurs when pt stands up
after dialysis.
Afebrile
Without fever.
Bradycardia
HR below 60, slow HR or pulse.
Erythropoietin
(EPO). A hormone normally produced by the kidneys, causes bone marrow to produce
RBC's. EPO is the synthetic form of the hormone. (recombinant human erythropoietin, is
used to tx anemia.) EPO, ARANESP for example.
Sphygmomanometer
Device for measuring BP by means of an inflatable cuff placed around an extremity.
Dry Weight
Weight of dialysis pt when BP is normal and all excessive fluid is removed. Post-dialysis
weight. "Ideal Weight".
KT/V
A calculation result derived from urea kinetic modeling and identified adequacy of the
dialysis tx. (Clearance, Time, Volume.)
Hemolysis
Destruction/breakdown of RBC's, Hgb is released into surrounding fluid. Chlorine will
cause hemolysis. High temp of dialysate fluid will also cause hemolysis.
Edema
Collection of fluid in the body tissues. Swelling. Often soft and compressible.
Reprocessing
Re-use. Cleaning and disinfecting dialyzers and in some cases, blood lines, to be used
again by the same pt.
ACE inhibitors
BP medication. Blocks an enzyme in the body that causes blood vessels to narrow,
when the vessels relax the BP decreases.
Anemia
Too few RBC's. RBC's carry oxygen. If the RBC's decrease, not enough oxygen in the
body. Patients will be pale, tired, and fatigued. Common with CKD patients. Treated
with EPO or ARANESP. Severe anemia may require a blood transfusion.
, Type 1 Diabetes
Insulin-dependent diabetes. Pancreas doesn't produce insulin anymore. With diabetes,
characterized by increased blood sugar resulting from the body's inability to use glucose
effectively.
Extracorporeal Circuit
Circuit = arterial bloodline, dialyzer, venous bloodline, and extracorporeal blood circuit
monitors. Extension of patient's blood vessels outside the body, bringing blood back
from the access to the dialyzer and back to the patient. ( Extracorporeal = Outside to
body.)
Atherosclerosis
Type of arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) caused by degeneration and fatty
changes in the walls of the arteries. (Plaque builds up)
ESRD
End Stage Renal Disease
Aneurysm
A blood-filled sac formed by the stretching and dilation of the wall of an artery. A
ballooning or bulging of a weak spot in a vessel.
Infiltration
When the needle passes through a vessel wall or access and causes bleeding into the
tissues, resulting in hematoma.
Febrile
Feverish. Having an elevated temperature.
Bolus
A single relatively large amount of something. In dialysis, HEPARIN can be given by
BOLUS. A bolus is given ALL at ONCE.
Albumin
A blood protein. Found in many body tissues. Gives an indication how well nourished a
patient is. Indicates NUTRITIONAL STATUS.
Air Embolism
Air bubble carried by the bloodstream. Can be life threatening.
Hyperkalemia
Serum potassium level higher than normal. Normal range is 3-5 mEq/L
Neuropathy
Damage to or disease of the nerves. Ex: Carpal tunnel in diabetics. Peripheral
neuropathy)
Nephron
Functional unit of the kidney.
Access
In dialysis, point on the body where a needle or catheter is inserted.
AKI
Acute Kidney Injury
Pre-weight
The patient's wt upon arrival to the dialysis clinic for tx.
Gain
The difference between the pt's wt after the last tx and pt's wt before the current tx
begins.
