MED-SURG:MEDICAL SURGICAL PRACTICE QUESTIONS
ANDANSWERS.CORRECT QNS &ANS WITH RATIONALES A+
PASS LATEST 2023.
1.A nurse is collecting data from a client who has peptic ulcer
disease. Which of the following finding is a manifestation of
gastrointestinal perforation?
• Hyperactive bowel sounds
• Severe upper abdominal pain
• Report of epigastric fullness
• Bradycardia
ANS: Severe upper abdominal pain.
Sudden, severe abdominal pain that radiates to the shoulder is a manifestation of
gastrointestinal perforation.
2.A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with a client who tells the nurse she would like
to reduce her solid fat intake and increase oil intake in her diet. Which of the following
instructions should the nurse include in her teaching?
• Replace tub margarine with stick margarine
• Use safflower oil instead of butter when baking
• Consume 2% or whole milk
• Choose ground beef that is at least 80% lean meat
ANS: Use safflower oil instead of butter when baking
The client should replace butter with safflower oil when baking to decrease solid fats
and increase oil intake.
3.A nurse is administering a tap water enema to a client. The client reports
cramping as the nurse instills the irrigating solution. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take to relieve the client’s discomfort?
• Lower the height of the solution container
• Encourage the client to bear down
• Allow the client to expel some fluid before continuing
• Stop the enema and document that the client did not tolerate the procedure
ANS: Lower the height of the solution container
If nausea or cramping occurs, the nurse should slow the flow of water, leaving the
tube in place. The nurse should then raise the solution container when the cramping
has passed.
4.A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client how has Cron’s Disease and is
experiencing frequent cramping and diarrhea. Which of the following statements
should the nurse include in the teaching?
,• Increase your caloric intake by eating foods high in protein
• Include fresh fruits and vegetables at each meal
• Maintain your weight by eating high fat foods
• Drink whole milk to ensure adequate calcium intake
ANS: Increase your caloric intake by eating foods high in protein
Clients who have Crohn's disease are at risk for malnutrition; therefore, they should
eat a diet high in protein to help maintain their weight and promote healing and
recovery.
5.A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client that reports having constipation.
Which of the following should the nurse discuss as causes of constipation? (Select
all that apply)
A.Excessive laxative use
• Ignoring the urge to defecate
• Inadequate fluid intake
• Increased fiber in the diet
• Increased activity
ANS: Excessive laxative use. Chronic use of laxatives causes the large intestine to
lose muscle tone and become less responsive to stimulation by laxatives. Ignoring
the urge to defecate. Anything that prevents the client from responding to the urge to
defecate and disrupts regular habits can cause possible alterations in bowel habits,
such as constipation. Inadequate fluidintake. Reduced fluid intake slows the passage
of food through the intestine and can result in hardening of stool.
6.A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client who has a duodenal ulcer and a new
prescriptions for sucralfate. The client asks the nurse how sucralfate works.
Which of the following statements should the nurse take?
• This medication prevents gastric acid secretion in the stomach
• This medication neutralizes gastric acid after it is secreted
• This medication kills the bacteria which causes ulcers
• This medication adheres to the ulcer and protects it from gastric acid
ANS: This medication adheres to the ulcer and
protects it from gastric acid Sucralfate creates a
protective coating over the ulcer that lasts about 6
hrs.
7.A charge nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about the
common link between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Which of the
following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of
the teaching?
• Both illnesses are inflammatory in nature
• Both illnesses begin in the rectum
, • Both illnesses manifest fistula formation
• Both illnesses result in malabsorption of nutrients
ANS: Both illnesses are inflammatory in nature
The nurse should reinforce that there are many linking components between
ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, one of them being the inflammatory nature
of the illnesses. Other similarities include a genetic component, the chronicity of
the illnesses, and the predominant manifestation of both diseases is diarrhea.
8.A nurse is reinforcing teaching about a high-fiber diet with a client who has
constipation. Which of the following statement indicates the client understands
the best choice for a high-fiber diet?
• One medium apple would be a good snack option
• I will select a ½ cup of sweet potatoes for my starch
• My breakfast is ½ cup of bran cereal
• I should choose 1 ounce of almonds when I am hungry midday
ANS: My breakfast is ½ cup of bran cereal
The client who selects ½ cup of bran cereal is selecting the best source of fiber.
A ½ cup of bran cereal contains 8.8 g per serving of fiber; therefore, it is the best
food choice for the client.
9.A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has GERD. Which of the
following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
A.Elevate the head of the bed by 18 inches
B.Avoid snacking between meals
C.Use a straw to consume liquids
D.Avoid wearing constricting clothing
ANS: Avoid wearing constricting clothing
The nurse should instruct the client to wear clothing that is comfortably fitting and not
restrictive around the middle of the body.
This increases the abdominal pressure and reflux.
10.A nurse is assessing a client who has advanced cirrhosis. Which of the following
manifestation should the nurse expect to find?
• Spider angioma
• Dark colored stools
• Weak pulse
• Increase body hair
ANS: Spider angioma
The nurse should expect to find spider angioma, which indicates portal
hypertension, on the client who has advanced cirrhosis.
ANDANSWERS.CORRECT QNS &ANS WITH RATIONALES A+
PASS LATEST 2023.
1.A nurse is collecting data from a client who has peptic ulcer
disease. Which of the following finding is a manifestation of
gastrointestinal perforation?
• Hyperactive bowel sounds
• Severe upper abdominal pain
• Report of epigastric fullness
• Bradycardia
ANS: Severe upper abdominal pain.
Sudden, severe abdominal pain that radiates to the shoulder is a manifestation of
gastrointestinal perforation.
2.A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with a client who tells the nurse she would like
to reduce her solid fat intake and increase oil intake in her diet. Which of the following
instructions should the nurse include in her teaching?
• Replace tub margarine with stick margarine
• Use safflower oil instead of butter when baking
• Consume 2% or whole milk
• Choose ground beef that is at least 80% lean meat
ANS: Use safflower oil instead of butter when baking
The client should replace butter with safflower oil when baking to decrease solid fats
and increase oil intake.
3.A nurse is administering a tap water enema to a client. The client reports
cramping as the nurse instills the irrigating solution. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take to relieve the client’s discomfort?
• Lower the height of the solution container
• Encourage the client to bear down
• Allow the client to expel some fluid before continuing
• Stop the enema and document that the client did not tolerate the procedure
ANS: Lower the height of the solution container
If nausea or cramping occurs, the nurse should slow the flow of water, leaving the
tube in place. The nurse should then raise the solution container when the cramping
has passed.
4.A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client how has Cron’s Disease and is
experiencing frequent cramping and diarrhea. Which of the following statements
should the nurse include in the teaching?
,• Increase your caloric intake by eating foods high in protein
• Include fresh fruits and vegetables at each meal
• Maintain your weight by eating high fat foods
• Drink whole milk to ensure adequate calcium intake
ANS: Increase your caloric intake by eating foods high in protein
Clients who have Crohn's disease are at risk for malnutrition; therefore, they should
eat a diet high in protein to help maintain their weight and promote healing and
recovery.
5.A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client that reports having constipation.
Which of the following should the nurse discuss as causes of constipation? (Select
all that apply)
A.Excessive laxative use
• Ignoring the urge to defecate
• Inadequate fluid intake
• Increased fiber in the diet
• Increased activity
ANS: Excessive laxative use. Chronic use of laxatives causes the large intestine to
lose muscle tone and become less responsive to stimulation by laxatives. Ignoring
the urge to defecate. Anything that prevents the client from responding to the urge to
defecate and disrupts regular habits can cause possible alterations in bowel habits,
such as constipation. Inadequate fluidintake. Reduced fluid intake slows the passage
of food through the intestine and can result in hardening of stool.
6.A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client who has a duodenal ulcer and a new
prescriptions for sucralfate. The client asks the nurse how sucralfate works.
Which of the following statements should the nurse take?
• This medication prevents gastric acid secretion in the stomach
• This medication neutralizes gastric acid after it is secreted
• This medication kills the bacteria which causes ulcers
• This medication adheres to the ulcer and protects it from gastric acid
ANS: This medication adheres to the ulcer and
protects it from gastric acid Sucralfate creates a
protective coating over the ulcer that lasts about 6
hrs.
7.A charge nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about the
common link between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Which of the
following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of
the teaching?
• Both illnesses are inflammatory in nature
• Both illnesses begin in the rectum
, • Both illnesses manifest fistula formation
• Both illnesses result in malabsorption of nutrients
ANS: Both illnesses are inflammatory in nature
The nurse should reinforce that there are many linking components between
ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, one of them being the inflammatory nature
of the illnesses. Other similarities include a genetic component, the chronicity of
the illnesses, and the predominant manifestation of both diseases is diarrhea.
8.A nurse is reinforcing teaching about a high-fiber diet with a client who has
constipation. Which of the following statement indicates the client understands
the best choice for a high-fiber diet?
• One medium apple would be a good snack option
• I will select a ½ cup of sweet potatoes for my starch
• My breakfast is ½ cup of bran cereal
• I should choose 1 ounce of almonds when I am hungry midday
ANS: My breakfast is ½ cup of bran cereal
The client who selects ½ cup of bran cereal is selecting the best source of fiber.
A ½ cup of bran cereal contains 8.8 g per serving of fiber; therefore, it is the best
food choice for the client.
9.A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has GERD. Which of the
following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
A.Elevate the head of the bed by 18 inches
B.Avoid snacking between meals
C.Use a straw to consume liquids
D.Avoid wearing constricting clothing
ANS: Avoid wearing constricting clothing
The nurse should instruct the client to wear clothing that is comfortably fitting and not
restrictive around the middle of the body.
This increases the abdominal pressure and reflux.
10.A nurse is assessing a client who has advanced cirrhosis. Which of the following
manifestation should the nurse expect to find?
• Spider angioma
• Dark colored stools
• Weak pulse
• Increase body hair
ANS: Spider angioma
The nurse should expect to find spider angioma, which indicates portal
hypertension, on the client who has advanced cirrhosis.
