Galen NUR 242 Exam 4 – Cardiovascular With Question
and Verified Answers
What is the equation for cardiac output? Correct Answer: CO = HR x SV
What is preload? Correct Answer: the heart is being stretched out
What does preload reflect? Correct Answer: how much fluid is in the heart
What is afterload? Correct Answer: resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject
blood
Example of increased preload Correct Answer: CHF
Example of increased afterload Correct Answer: hypertension
What is blood pressure? Correct Answer: force of blood against vessel walls
What is systolic blood pressure? Correct Answer: amount of pressure generated by the
left ventricle to distribute blood into the aorta with each CONTRACTION of the heart
What is diastolic blood pressure? Correct Answer: amount of pressure against the
arterial walls during RELAXATION of the heart
What is the equation for MAP? Correct Answer: 2(diastolic) + systolic / 3
What is the minimum the MAP can be to maintain adequate perfusion? Correct Answer:
no less than 60
What is another name for orthostatic changes? Correct Answer: postural hypotension
, A decrease of more than 20 mmHg systolic or more than 10 mmHg diastolic pressure
with an increase in heart rate Correct Answer: orthostatic change
How do you measure orthostatic changes? Correct Answer: Check blood pressure in
the following order: after laying supine for 3 minutes, after sitting for 1 minute and
standing **Keep cuff in same place**
What precautions are important for a patient experiencing orthostatic changes? Correct
Answer: fall
Who is at risk for orthostatic changes? Correct Answer: prolonged bed rest,
medications, dehydration, volume depletion, autonomic nervous system disorders
Cardiovascular assessment Correct Answer: general apperance, skin, weight, edema,
extremities, blood pressure
Markers of myocardial damage Correct Answer: troponin, creatinine kinase, CKMB,
myoglobin, serum lipids, homocystine levels
Normal lipid levels Correct Answer: Total cholesterol <200mg/dL, LDL (Cardiac pt)
<70/dL, LDL (Non-Cardiac pt) <130/, HDL >40mg/dL, Triglycerides <150mg/dL
Cardiac Diagnostic Tests Correct Answer: ECG, Echocardiogram, Cardiac
Catherization
Nursing considerations for cardiac catherization Correct Answer: informed consent,
patent IV, allergies to iodine or shellfish, NPO, height, weight, sensations from dye, post
procedure care (bed rest 6 hours, leg straight, assess vitals and pulse frequently)
What is a normal ejection fraction? Correct Answer: 55-65%
and Verified Answers
What is the equation for cardiac output? Correct Answer: CO = HR x SV
What is preload? Correct Answer: the heart is being stretched out
What does preload reflect? Correct Answer: how much fluid is in the heart
What is afterload? Correct Answer: resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject
blood
Example of increased preload Correct Answer: CHF
Example of increased afterload Correct Answer: hypertension
What is blood pressure? Correct Answer: force of blood against vessel walls
What is systolic blood pressure? Correct Answer: amount of pressure generated by the
left ventricle to distribute blood into the aorta with each CONTRACTION of the heart
What is diastolic blood pressure? Correct Answer: amount of pressure against the
arterial walls during RELAXATION of the heart
What is the equation for MAP? Correct Answer: 2(diastolic) + systolic / 3
What is the minimum the MAP can be to maintain adequate perfusion? Correct Answer:
no less than 60
What is another name for orthostatic changes? Correct Answer: postural hypotension
, A decrease of more than 20 mmHg systolic or more than 10 mmHg diastolic pressure
with an increase in heart rate Correct Answer: orthostatic change
How do you measure orthostatic changes? Correct Answer: Check blood pressure in
the following order: after laying supine for 3 minutes, after sitting for 1 minute and
standing **Keep cuff in same place**
What precautions are important for a patient experiencing orthostatic changes? Correct
Answer: fall
Who is at risk for orthostatic changes? Correct Answer: prolonged bed rest,
medications, dehydration, volume depletion, autonomic nervous system disorders
Cardiovascular assessment Correct Answer: general apperance, skin, weight, edema,
extremities, blood pressure
Markers of myocardial damage Correct Answer: troponin, creatinine kinase, CKMB,
myoglobin, serum lipids, homocystine levels
Normal lipid levels Correct Answer: Total cholesterol <200mg/dL, LDL (Cardiac pt)
<70/dL, LDL (Non-Cardiac pt) <130/, HDL >40mg/dL, Triglycerides <150mg/dL
Cardiac Diagnostic Tests Correct Answer: ECG, Echocardiogram, Cardiac
Catherization
Nursing considerations for cardiac catherization Correct Answer: informed consent,
patent IV, allergies to iodine or shellfish, NPO, height, weight, sensations from dye, post
procedure care (bed rest 6 hours, leg straight, assess vitals and pulse frequently)
What is a normal ejection fraction? Correct Answer: 55-65%
