Final Exam ATI RN COMPREHENSIVE
EXIT EXAM complete latest update 100%
Most common form of joint disease - answer Osteoarthritis (OA)
Is osteoarthritis inflammatory? - answer NO
-it is non-inflammatory
Is OA a normal part of aging? - answer no, it is considered abnormal
cartilage destruction can begin between what ages? Mainly affects adults by what age?
- answer 20-30 years of age
40
OA can be idiopathic or secondary. Explain - answer -idiopathic is unknown cause
- secondary can be from trauma, stress, inflammation, neuro-skeletal disorders
what is the cause if OA - answer no identified cause
some factors that are believed to being linked to OA - answer -estrogen reduction at
menopause
- genetics
-obesity
-ACL injuries
-job occupations with frequent kneeling
OA is a result from _____ damage that triggers a metabolic response at level of
_________ - answer cartilage
chondrocytes (bone formation cells)
,cartilage becomes _________ in OA - answer - dull, granular, soft and less elastic, less
able to wear with heavy use
OA happens when body's attempts at cartilage repair ________________ - answer
cannot keep up with destruction that is occuring
bony growths called ___________ increase at joint margins - answer osteophytes
inflammation is not a ________ of OA but is a _________ - answer not a cause but is a
symptom
inflammatory changes and pain occur in OA because - answer contact between bony
joint surfaces rug against each other
is OA systemic? - answer no, it is usually localized and does not affect whole body.
difference between OA and RA - answer OA- Degenerative
RA- inflammatory
In the early stages of OA, what relieves pain? - answer Rest
Early morning stiffness usually resolves within 30 minutes
later stages of OA - answer pain with rest and sleep disturbed
can the weather affect OA - answer barometric pressure falls, pain can become worse
OA can cause _____ pain - answer referred
sitting down becomes difficult when hips are _______ than the knees - answer lower
crepitation - answer the grating sound caused by loose particles in joint cavity
OA usually affects joints asymmetrically or bilaterally - answer asymmetrically
Herberden's nodes - answer Hard nodules or enlargements
of the distal interphalangeal
joints of the fingers
Bouchard's nodes - answer Osteoarthritis (PIP)
how does heberdens and Bouchar's nodes affect an individual - answer -red, swollen
and tender
- cause patients to be distressed (self conscious)
do nodes in OA cause loss of function? - answer no
,knee OA often leads to....
what signs may you see with this? - answer joint malalignment
altered gait
Hip OA may cause legs to be... - answer one leg may be shorter than the other
T of F: changes on x ray do not always correlate with the degree of pain experienced by
a patient - answer True
- an individual can have extreme degeneration with minimal pain
The ESR is used to test for OA. Why? - answer erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
may be elevated because RBC are made in bone marrow
foundation of OA management is usually ____________ interventions - answer
nonpharmacologic
arthoscopic surgery - answer -debridement is not usually recommended
- effective in reducing pain and improving function when it is used to repair ligament
tears and remove bone bits or cartilage
Patient must understand the importance of balancing ______ and ______ - answer rest
and activity
during any periods of acute inflammation, affected joints should be - answer rested
immobilization should not exceed - answer one week
heat is used for - answer stiffness and blood circulation
cold is used for - answer acute inflammation
vasoconstriction (less blood supply = less inflammation at site)
nutritional therapy and exercise - answer - weight loss
- exercise ROM
-strengthening quad
glucosamine is mainly used in which disease and for what - answer some pain relief,
possibly slow progression in OA, no improvement seen in inflammation in RA
Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate education - answer - do not use in shellfish
allergy
drug therapy mild to moderate OA - answer acetaminophen 1000 mg q6h
drug therapy moderate to severe OA - answer NSAID
, what types of assessments do nurses need to do for OA - answer pain and physical
(ADLs)
- must have a BILATERAL comparison to detect degree of OA
is deformity usual in OA - answer deformity is not usual course of OA
osteoporosis is _________ progressive metabolic bone disease characterized by
_______, ______, ________ - answer chronic
porous bone, low bone mass, structural deterioration of bone tissue
osteoporosis is known as the "silent thief" because - answer it slowly robs skeleton of
banked resources that eventually become so fragile they cannot withstand normal
mechanical stress. ( cannot become weight - bearing)
osteoporosis is most common in - answer females
Why is osteoporosis more common in women? - answer -Lower calcium intake
-Less bone mass
-Bone resorption begins earlier and accelerates after menopause.
-Pregnancy and breastfeeding
-Longevity
peak bone mass is achieved before age - answer 20
at menopause, women experience rapid bone loss when the decline in _______
production is the sharpest. - answer estrogen
decreased estrogen = increased bone loss
long term ________ use is a major contributor for osteoporsis - answer corticosteroid
when corticosteroid is taken, loss of bone and ______ of new bone formation occur -
answer inhibition
- prevents bone formation
Normal bone vs Osteoporotic bone - answer
in osteoporosis, bone _______ exceeds bone _______ - answer reabsorption,
deposition
-breaking down faster than building up
Osteoporosis most commonly in - answer spine, hips, wrist
EXIT EXAM complete latest update 100%
Most common form of joint disease - answer Osteoarthritis (OA)
Is osteoarthritis inflammatory? - answer NO
-it is non-inflammatory
Is OA a normal part of aging? - answer no, it is considered abnormal
cartilage destruction can begin between what ages? Mainly affects adults by what age?
- answer 20-30 years of age
40
OA can be idiopathic or secondary. Explain - answer -idiopathic is unknown cause
- secondary can be from trauma, stress, inflammation, neuro-skeletal disorders
what is the cause if OA - answer no identified cause
some factors that are believed to being linked to OA - answer -estrogen reduction at
menopause
- genetics
-obesity
-ACL injuries
-job occupations with frequent kneeling
OA is a result from _____ damage that triggers a metabolic response at level of
_________ - answer cartilage
chondrocytes (bone formation cells)
,cartilage becomes _________ in OA - answer - dull, granular, soft and less elastic, less
able to wear with heavy use
OA happens when body's attempts at cartilage repair ________________ - answer
cannot keep up with destruction that is occuring
bony growths called ___________ increase at joint margins - answer osteophytes
inflammation is not a ________ of OA but is a _________ - answer not a cause but is a
symptom
inflammatory changes and pain occur in OA because - answer contact between bony
joint surfaces rug against each other
is OA systemic? - answer no, it is usually localized and does not affect whole body.
difference between OA and RA - answer OA- Degenerative
RA- inflammatory
In the early stages of OA, what relieves pain? - answer Rest
Early morning stiffness usually resolves within 30 minutes
later stages of OA - answer pain with rest and sleep disturbed
can the weather affect OA - answer barometric pressure falls, pain can become worse
OA can cause _____ pain - answer referred
sitting down becomes difficult when hips are _______ than the knees - answer lower
crepitation - answer the grating sound caused by loose particles in joint cavity
OA usually affects joints asymmetrically or bilaterally - answer asymmetrically
Herberden's nodes - answer Hard nodules or enlargements
of the distal interphalangeal
joints of the fingers
Bouchard's nodes - answer Osteoarthritis (PIP)
how does heberdens and Bouchar's nodes affect an individual - answer -red, swollen
and tender
- cause patients to be distressed (self conscious)
do nodes in OA cause loss of function? - answer no
,knee OA often leads to....
what signs may you see with this? - answer joint malalignment
altered gait
Hip OA may cause legs to be... - answer one leg may be shorter than the other
T of F: changes on x ray do not always correlate with the degree of pain experienced by
a patient - answer True
- an individual can have extreme degeneration with minimal pain
The ESR is used to test for OA. Why? - answer erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
may be elevated because RBC are made in bone marrow
foundation of OA management is usually ____________ interventions - answer
nonpharmacologic
arthoscopic surgery - answer -debridement is not usually recommended
- effective in reducing pain and improving function when it is used to repair ligament
tears and remove bone bits or cartilage
Patient must understand the importance of balancing ______ and ______ - answer rest
and activity
during any periods of acute inflammation, affected joints should be - answer rested
immobilization should not exceed - answer one week
heat is used for - answer stiffness and blood circulation
cold is used for - answer acute inflammation
vasoconstriction (less blood supply = less inflammation at site)
nutritional therapy and exercise - answer - weight loss
- exercise ROM
-strengthening quad
glucosamine is mainly used in which disease and for what - answer some pain relief,
possibly slow progression in OA, no improvement seen in inflammation in RA
Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate education - answer - do not use in shellfish
allergy
drug therapy mild to moderate OA - answer acetaminophen 1000 mg q6h
drug therapy moderate to severe OA - answer NSAID
, what types of assessments do nurses need to do for OA - answer pain and physical
(ADLs)
- must have a BILATERAL comparison to detect degree of OA
is deformity usual in OA - answer deformity is not usual course of OA
osteoporosis is _________ progressive metabolic bone disease characterized by
_______, ______, ________ - answer chronic
porous bone, low bone mass, structural deterioration of bone tissue
osteoporosis is known as the "silent thief" because - answer it slowly robs skeleton of
banked resources that eventually become so fragile they cannot withstand normal
mechanical stress. ( cannot become weight - bearing)
osteoporosis is most common in - answer females
Why is osteoporosis more common in women? - answer -Lower calcium intake
-Less bone mass
-Bone resorption begins earlier and accelerates after menopause.
-Pregnancy and breastfeeding
-Longevity
peak bone mass is achieved before age - answer 20
at menopause, women experience rapid bone loss when the decline in _______
production is the sharpest. - answer estrogen
decreased estrogen = increased bone loss
long term ________ use is a major contributor for osteoporsis - answer corticosteroid
when corticosteroid is taken, loss of bone and ______ of new bone formation occur -
answer inhibition
- prevents bone formation
Normal bone vs Osteoporotic bone - answer
in osteoporosis, bone _______ exceeds bone _______ - answer reabsorption,
deposition
-breaking down faster than building up
Osteoporosis most commonly in - answer spine, hips, wrist
