NR 520 EXAM PREP LATEST
Applied Theoretical
Foundations, Scientific
Inquiry & Decision
Making
COMPLETED
2023/2024
, 1. What are the four main types of nursing theories and how are they different from each other? Provide an
example of each type.
- The four main types of nursing theories are grand theories, middle-range theories, practice theories and
micro-range theories. Grand theories are broad and abstract, and provide a general framework for nursing
practice. Middle-range theories are more specific and testable, and address a particular phenomenon or
concept in nursing. Practice theories are derived from clinical practice and guide the actions of nurses in
specific situations. Micro-range theories are very narrow and focus on a single issue or problem in nursing.
An example of a grand theory is Orem's self-care deficit theory, which explains how people can maintain
their health by meeting their self-care needs. An example of a middle-range theory is Pender's health
promotion model, which describes how people can adopt healthy behaviors based on their personal factors
and environmental influences. An example of a practice theory is Orlando's nursing process theory, which
outlines how nurses can use observation, communication and reflection to meet the needs of patients. An
example of a micro-range theory is Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations, which explains how nurses
can establish therapeutic relationships with patients based on mutual respect and understanding.
2. What are the steps of the scientific method and why are they important for nursing research?
- The steps of the scientific method are: identify a problem or question, review the literature, formulate a
hypothesis, design a study, collect data, analyze data, draw conclusions and communicate results. These
steps are important for nursing research because they help ensure that the research is systematic, rigorous,
valid and reliable. By following the scientific method, nurses can generate new knowledge that can improve
the quality and safety of patient care.
3. What are the three main types of research designs and what are their advantages and disadvantages?
- The three main types of research designs are quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. Quantitative
research uses numerical data and statistical analysis to test hypotheses and measure variables. Qualitative
research uses words and meanings to explore phenomena and understand experiences. Mixed methods
research combines both quantitative and qualitative data and methods to answer complex questions and
integrate multiple perspectives. The advantages of quantitative research are that it can produce
generalizable, objective and precise results that can be replicated and compared. The disadvantages of
quantitative research are that it can be costly, time-consuming and rigid, and may not capture the complexity
and context of human behavior. The advantages of qualitative research are that it can provide rich, in-depth
and holistic insights into phenomena that are difficult to quantify or measure. The disadvantages of
qualitative research are that it can be subjective, biased and difficult to generalize or verify. The advantages
of mixed methods research are that it can address the limitations of both quantitative and qualitative research
by combining their strengths and compensating for their weaknesses. The disadvantages of mixed methods
research are that it can be challenging to design, implement and integrate different types of data and
methods.
Applied Theoretical
Foundations, Scientific
Inquiry & Decision
Making
COMPLETED
2023/2024
, 1. What are the four main types of nursing theories and how are they different from each other? Provide an
example of each type.
- The four main types of nursing theories are grand theories, middle-range theories, practice theories and
micro-range theories. Grand theories are broad and abstract, and provide a general framework for nursing
practice. Middle-range theories are more specific and testable, and address a particular phenomenon or
concept in nursing. Practice theories are derived from clinical practice and guide the actions of nurses in
specific situations. Micro-range theories are very narrow and focus on a single issue or problem in nursing.
An example of a grand theory is Orem's self-care deficit theory, which explains how people can maintain
their health by meeting their self-care needs. An example of a middle-range theory is Pender's health
promotion model, which describes how people can adopt healthy behaviors based on their personal factors
and environmental influences. An example of a practice theory is Orlando's nursing process theory, which
outlines how nurses can use observation, communication and reflection to meet the needs of patients. An
example of a micro-range theory is Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations, which explains how nurses
can establish therapeutic relationships with patients based on mutual respect and understanding.
2. What are the steps of the scientific method and why are they important for nursing research?
- The steps of the scientific method are: identify a problem or question, review the literature, formulate a
hypothesis, design a study, collect data, analyze data, draw conclusions and communicate results. These
steps are important for nursing research because they help ensure that the research is systematic, rigorous,
valid and reliable. By following the scientific method, nurses can generate new knowledge that can improve
the quality and safety of patient care.
3. What are the three main types of research designs and what are their advantages and disadvantages?
- The three main types of research designs are quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. Quantitative
research uses numerical data and statistical analysis to test hypotheses and measure variables. Qualitative
research uses words and meanings to explore phenomena and understand experiences. Mixed methods
research combines both quantitative and qualitative data and methods to answer complex questions and
integrate multiple perspectives. The advantages of quantitative research are that it can produce
generalizable, objective and precise results that can be replicated and compared. The disadvantages of
quantitative research are that it can be costly, time-consuming and rigid, and may not capture the complexity
and context of human behavior. The advantages of qualitative research are that it can provide rich, in-depth
and holistic insights into phenomena that are difficult to quantify or measure. The disadvantages of
qualitative research are that it can be subjective, biased and difficult to generalize or verify. The advantages
of mixed methods research are that it can address the limitations of both quantitative and qualitative research
by combining their strengths and compensating for their weaknesses. The disadvantages of mixed methods
research are that it can be challenging to design, implement and integrate different types of data and
methods.
