NR 324 EXAM PREP VERIFIED
ADULT HEALTH
COMPLETED
2024
,1. What are the common risk factors and symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD)?
How would you assess and manage a patient with suspected CAD?
- Risk factors include age, gender, family history, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia,
diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and stress.
- Symptoms include chest pain or discomfort (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue,
palpitations, dizziness, nausea, and sweating.
- Assessment includes obtaining a detailed history, performing a physical examination,
measuring vital signs, and conducting diagnostic tests such as electrocardiogram (ECG),
blood tests, chest X-ray, echocardiogram, stress test, coronary angiogram, or computed
tomography (CT) scan.
- Management includes providing oxygen therapy, administering medications such as
aspirin, nitroglycerin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), statins, anticoagulants,
and antiplatelets, educating the patient about lifestyle modifications such as smoking
cessation, weight management, exercise, and dietary changes, and referring the patient
for further interventions such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary
artery bypass grafting (CABG) if indicated.
2. What are the types and causes of urinary incontinence (UI) in adults? How would you
assess and manage a patient with UI?
- Types of UI include stress UI (involuntary leakage of urine due to increased abdominal
pressure), urge UI (involuntary leakage of urine due to overactive bladder), overflow UI
(involuntary leakage of urine due to incomplete bladder emptying), functional UI
(involuntary leakage of urine due to physical or cognitive impairment), and mixed UI
(combination of two or more types).
- Causes of UI include aging, pregnancy and childbirth, menopause, prostate
enlargement or surgery, neurological disorders, diabetes mellitus, urinary tract infections
(UTIs), constipation, medications, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and caffeine
intake.
- Assessment includes obtaining a detailed history, performing a physical examination
including pelvic or rectal examination if appropriate, measuring urine output and residual
volume using a bladder scanner or catheterization if needed, conducting diagnostic tests
such as urinalysis, urine culture, postvoid residual (PVR) measurement, urodynamic
studies,
cystoscopy, or imaging studies if indicated.
- Management includes providing bladder training, pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegel
exercises), timed voiding,
intermittent catheterization if needed,
administering medications such as anticholinergics,
beta-3 agonists,
, alpha-blockers,
estrogen therapy,
or botulinum toxin injections if indicated,
educating the patient about fluid intake,
dietary modifications,
weight management,
smoking cessation,
and pelvic hygiene,
providing incontinence pads or devices if needed,
and referring the patient for further interventions such as surgery or neuromodulation if
indicated.
3. What are the common complications and nursing interventions for patients with
diabetes mellitus (DM)?
- Complications include hyperglycemia (high blood glucose level),
hypoglycemia (low blood glucose level),
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA),
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS),
diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage),
diabetic retinopathy (eye damage),
diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage),
diabetic foot ulcers (skin breakdown),
cardiovascular disease,
stroke,
and infection.
- Nursing interventions include monitoring blood glucose levels regularly using a
glucometer or continuous glucose monitoring system,
administering insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents as prescribed,
educating the patient about self-care measures such as carbohydrate counting,
glycemic index,
meal planning,
exercise,
foot care,
and sick day management,
ADULT HEALTH
COMPLETED
2024
,1. What are the common risk factors and symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD)?
How would you assess and manage a patient with suspected CAD?
- Risk factors include age, gender, family history, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia,
diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and stress.
- Symptoms include chest pain or discomfort (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue,
palpitations, dizziness, nausea, and sweating.
- Assessment includes obtaining a detailed history, performing a physical examination,
measuring vital signs, and conducting diagnostic tests such as electrocardiogram (ECG),
blood tests, chest X-ray, echocardiogram, stress test, coronary angiogram, or computed
tomography (CT) scan.
- Management includes providing oxygen therapy, administering medications such as
aspirin, nitroglycerin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), statins, anticoagulants,
and antiplatelets, educating the patient about lifestyle modifications such as smoking
cessation, weight management, exercise, and dietary changes, and referring the patient
for further interventions such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary
artery bypass grafting (CABG) if indicated.
2. What are the types and causes of urinary incontinence (UI) in adults? How would you
assess and manage a patient with UI?
- Types of UI include stress UI (involuntary leakage of urine due to increased abdominal
pressure), urge UI (involuntary leakage of urine due to overactive bladder), overflow UI
(involuntary leakage of urine due to incomplete bladder emptying), functional UI
(involuntary leakage of urine due to physical or cognitive impairment), and mixed UI
(combination of two or more types).
- Causes of UI include aging, pregnancy and childbirth, menopause, prostate
enlargement or surgery, neurological disorders, diabetes mellitus, urinary tract infections
(UTIs), constipation, medications, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and caffeine
intake.
- Assessment includes obtaining a detailed history, performing a physical examination
including pelvic or rectal examination if appropriate, measuring urine output and residual
volume using a bladder scanner or catheterization if needed, conducting diagnostic tests
such as urinalysis, urine culture, postvoid residual (PVR) measurement, urodynamic
studies,
cystoscopy, or imaging studies if indicated.
- Management includes providing bladder training, pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegel
exercises), timed voiding,
intermittent catheterization if needed,
administering medications such as anticholinergics,
beta-3 agonists,
, alpha-blockers,
estrogen therapy,
or botulinum toxin injections if indicated,
educating the patient about fluid intake,
dietary modifications,
weight management,
smoking cessation,
and pelvic hygiene,
providing incontinence pads or devices if needed,
and referring the patient for further interventions such as surgery or neuromodulation if
indicated.
3. What are the common complications and nursing interventions for patients with
diabetes mellitus (DM)?
- Complications include hyperglycemia (high blood glucose level),
hypoglycemia (low blood glucose level),
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA),
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS),
diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage),
diabetic retinopathy (eye damage),
diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage),
diabetic foot ulcers (skin breakdown),
cardiovascular disease,
stroke,
and infection.
- Nursing interventions include monitoring blood glucose levels regularly using a
glucometer or continuous glucose monitoring system,
administering insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents as prescribed,
educating the patient about self-care measures such as carbohydrate counting,
glycemic index,
meal planning,
exercise,
foot care,
and sick day management,
