NR 326 EXAM PREP
VERIFIED
MENTAL HEALTH
COMPLETED
2023/2024
,1. What are the three components of the biopsychosocial model of mental health? How does each
component affect the mental health of an individual?
- The biopsychosocial model of mental health considers the biological, psychological, and social
factors that influence the mental health of an individual.
- The biological component includes the genetic, neurochemical, hormonal, and immune factors
that affect the brain and body functions.
- The psychological component includes the cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and personality
factors that affect the perception, interpretation, and coping of an individual.
- The social component includes the environmental, cultural, interpersonal, and situational factors
that affect the support, stress, and opportunities of an individual.
- Each component can have positive or negative effects on the mental health of an individual
depending on the balance, interaction, and adaptation of the factors.
2. What are some common signs and symptoms of depression? How can a nurse assess and
intervene for a patient with depression?
- Some common signs and symptoms of depression include:
- Persistent sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness
- Loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
- Fatigue or loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
- Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
- A nurse can assess and intervene for a patient with depression by:
- Using a validated screening tool such as the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) or the
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) to measure the severity and impact of depression
- Asking open-ended questions to elicit the patient's feelings, thoughts, and behaviors related to
depression
- Providing empathy, support, and validation to the patient
- Educating the patient about depression, its causes, treatment options, and self-care strategies
- Encouraging the patient to participate in activities that provide enjoyment, meaning, and social
interaction
- Collaborating with the patient to set realistic and achievable goals and monitor progress
- Referring the patient to appropriate resources such as psychotherapy, medication, or crisis
intervention as needed
3. What are some common types of anxiety disorders? How can a nurse differentiate between
them based on their diagnostic criteria?
- Some common types of anxiety disorders include:
, - Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): characterized by excessive and persistent worry about
various aspects of life that is difficult to control and interferes with daily functioning
- Panic disorder: characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks that involve intense
fear or discomfort accompanied by physical and cognitive symptoms such as palpitations,
sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, derealization,
depersonalization, fear of losing control or dying
- Phobias: characterized by irrational and excessive fear of a specific object or situation that
provokes anxiety or avoidance behavior that is out of proportion to the actual danger or harm
- Social anxiety disorder (SAD): characterized by marked fear or anxiety of social situations in
which one is exposed to possible scrutiny or judgment by others that leads to avoidance or distress
that impairs functioning
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): characterized by recurrent and intrusive obsessions
(unwanted thoughts, images, or impulses) that cause anxiety or distress and compulsions
(repetitive behaviors or mental acts) that one feels driven to perform to reduce anxiety or prevent
a feared outcome
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): characterized by exposure to a traumatic event that
involved actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence and subsequent re-
experiencing (intrusive memories, nightmares, flashbacks), avoidance (of reminders of the
trauma), negative alterations in cognition and mood (such as distorted beliefs, guilt,
shame, anger), and hyperarousal (hypervigilance,
exaggerated startle response)
- A nurse can differentiate between them based on their diagnostic criteria by using a structured
interview such as the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS) or a standardized
questionnaire such as the Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5 (ADIS-5)
that assesses the presence,
frequency,
intensity,
duration,
onset,
triggers,
impairment,
comorbidity,
and treatment history of each anxiety disorder.
1. A patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder tells the nurse, Bad things that happen are always my
fault. To assist the patient in reframing this overgeneralization, the nurse should respond:
a. I really doubt that one person can be blamed for all the bad things that happen.
b. Lets look at one bad thing that happened to see if another explanation exists.
c. You are being exceptionally hard on yourself when you say those things.
d. How does your belief in fate relate to your cultural heritage?
2. A nurse worked with a patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder who was severely withdrawn and
dependent on others. After 3 weeks, the patient did not improve. The nurse is at risk for feelings of:
a. overinvolvement.
b. guilt and despair.
c. interest and pleasure.
d. ineffectiveness and frustration.
VERIFIED
MENTAL HEALTH
COMPLETED
2023/2024
,1. What are the three components of the biopsychosocial model of mental health? How does each
component affect the mental health of an individual?
- The biopsychosocial model of mental health considers the biological, psychological, and social
factors that influence the mental health of an individual.
- The biological component includes the genetic, neurochemical, hormonal, and immune factors
that affect the brain and body functions.
- The psychological component includes the cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and personality
factors that affect the perception, interpretation, and coping of an individual.
- The social component includes the environmental, cultural, interpersonal, and situational factors
that affect the support, stress, and opportunities of an individual.
- Each component can have positive or negative effects on the mental health of an individual
depending on the balance, interaction, and adaptation of the factors.
2. What are some common signs and symptoms of depression? How can a nurse assess and
intervene for a patient with depression?
- Some common signs and symptoms of depression include:
- Persistent sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness
- Loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
- Fatigue or loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
- Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
- A nurse can assess and intervene for a patient with depression by:
- Using a validated screening tool such as the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) or the
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) to measure the severity and impact of depression
- Asking open-ended questions to elicit the patient's feelings, thoughts, and behaviors related to
depression
- Providing empathy, support, and validation to the patient
- Educating the patient about depression, its causes, treatment options, and self-care strategies
- Encouraging the patient to participate in activities that provide enjoyment, meaning, and social
interaction
- Collaborating with the patient to set realistic and achievable goals and monitor progress
- Referring the patient to appropriate resources such as psychotherapy, medication, or crisis
intervention as needed
3. What are some common types of anxiety disorders? How can a nurse differentiate between
them based on their diagnostic criteria?
- Some common types of anxiety disorders include:
, - Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): characterized by excessive and persistent worry about
various aspects of life that is difficult to control and interferes with daily functioning
- Panic disorder: characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks that involve intense
fear or discomfort accompanied by physical and cognitive symptoms such as palpitations,
sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, derealization,
depersonalization, fear of losing control or dying
- Phobias: characterized by irrational and excessive fear of a specific object or situation that
provokes anxiety or avoidance behavior that is out of proportion to the actual danger or harm
- Social anxiety disorder (SAD): characterized by marked fear or anxiety of social situations in
which one is exposed to possible scrutiny or judgment by others that leads to avoidance or distress
that impairs functioning
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): characterized by recurrent and intrusive obsessions
(unwanted thoughts, images, or impulses) that cause anxiety or distress and compulsions
(repetitive behaviors or mental acts) that one feels driven to perform to reduce anxiety or prevent
a feared outcome
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): characterized by exposure to a traumatic event that
involved actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence and subsequent re-
experiencing (intrusive memories, nightmares, flashbacks), avoidance (of reminders of the
trauma), negative alterations in cognition and mood (such as distorted beliefs, guilt,
shame, anger), and hyperarousal (hypervigilance,
exaggerated startle response)
- A nurse can differentiate between them based on their diagnostic criteria by using a structured
interview such as the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS) or a standardized
questionnaire such as the Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5 (ADIS-5)
that assesses the presence,
frequency,
intensity,
duration,
onset,
triggers,
impairment,
comorbidity,
and treatment history of each anxiety disorder.
1. A patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder tells the nurse, Bad things that happen are always my
fault. To assist the patient in reframing this overgeneralization, the nurse should respond:
a. I really doubt that one person can be blamed for all the bad things that happen.
b. Lets look at one bad thing that happened to see if another explanation exists.
c. You are being exceptionally hard on yourself when you say those things.
d. How does your belief in fate relate to your cultural heritage?
2. A nurse worked with a patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder who was severely withdrawn and
dependent on others. After 3 weeks, the patient did not improve. The nurse is at risk for feelings of:
a. overinvolvement.
b. guilt and despair.
c. interest and pleasure.
d. ineffectiveness and frustration.
