CLC Exam 2022 LATEST 2023-2024 ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Thrush during BF - CORRECT ANSWER painful for mother &
baby.
may be visible or may not (whiteness that can't be wiped off)
-mother will have itchy, flaky, shiny skin
-candida not found inside the ducts or milk
Treatment of candida on breast - CORRECT ANSWER -nystatin
first line
-flucanizole second line
-throw out all yeast vectors (pacifiers sterilize breast pumps)
-flucanazole oral capsules may be used to clean yeast vectors
due to the biofilm created on pacifiers by candida
What to do if antifungal treatment for yeast doesn't work? -
CORRECT ANSWER Not candida infection!
Reynaud's Phenomenon - CORRECT ANSWER -vasospasm of
nipple, recognized by triple color sign: from white--> blue-->
raspberry or bicolor sign white --> raspberry.
pain is extreme and spasmodic (not continuous)
-this happens after feeding once baby's mouth comes off nipple
has vasospasm, feels like frostbite
treatment of reynauds - CORRECT ANSWER -prevent/decrease
cold exposure
-avoid vasoconstrictive drugs such as caffeine and hypertensive
drugs, nicotine
-can use nifedipine or calcium channel blocker
,Nipple pain and poor milk transfer that is persistent despite
optimal latch - CORRECT ANSWER -can use nipple shield as a
test to see if baby exerting too much pressure?
-OT involvement
-in rare cases baby have a strong sucking vacuum as measured
by a pressure transducer or nipple shield
Clogs/plugs - CORRECT ANSWER Palpable lumps of milk within
the lumen or duct system, usually not visible. Solids dont get
absorbed...could be too tight of a bra slowing flow of milk
what to do for clogs/plugs - CORRECT ANSWER Encourage
massage using side of hand and warm compresses. Do double
nursing by doubling up on side of clog to push it out. point baby's
chin toward clog
See PCP if clog hasnt moved in 24-48 hours or systemic
symptoms of inflammation (flu like s/s)
When to call PCP for clog/plug - CORRECT ANSWER If plug
hasn't moved in 24-48 hrs or systemic signs of inflammation (flu
like s/s)
Causes of clogs/plug - CORRECT ANSWER too tight nursing bra
what is a bleb - CORRECT ANSWER small white spots on the
face of the nipple that look like milk-filled blisters. one duct
opening is usually covered
what does a bleb feel like - CORRECT ANSWER painful
stabbing pinpoint pain
how to get rid of blebs - CORRECT ANSWER Same as clog
treatment. Sometimes need t be lanced by HCP
Common mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER -can be non-infective or
infective
-blocked ducts from engorgment, hurried feedings, nipple shield
(pressure will build until milk sneaks out of space, body reacts to
this like invader)
causes of common mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER -tight bra
(look for indentation of breast straps)
-use of breast shell or nipple shell
-attachment difficulties
,-anemia in the mother
-tongue tie in baby (ineffective milk emptying)
s/s common mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER systemic- fever, ill,
malaise, redness, pain, one inflamed breast
What bacteria causes infective mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER
Staphylococcus
tx common mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER NSAIDS first line but
make sure diagnosed by PCP
-must keep pumping/breastfeeding to keep milk flowing. keeps
breasts soft/comfortable to avoid abscess development
Abscess on breast - CORRECT ANSWER Localized areas of
pus and necrotic tissue that can develop with a breast infection
•Can develop in the subcutaneous, intramammary,
retromammarylayers
•Symptoms include pain, swelling, redness, fever, increased WBC
count, palpable mass
-pocket of pus forms in the breast
-from untreated mastitis
Antibiotics for mastitis? - CORRECT ANSWER Usually for
double mastitis, not generally proscribed for one breast common
mastitis. If treatment uneffective consider anemia, ductal or
inflammatory breast cancer
Double mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER EMERGENT AND
UNCOMMON- tissue of both breasts inflamed.
organism cause of double mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER strep -
potentially fatal, whole body inflammation, sepsis
-not a problem with milk
signs of inflammatory breast cancer - CORRECT ANSWER -
breast tissue is red, warm, has orange peel (peau d'orange),
pitting appearance on skin surface
- breast mass may or may not be present
True/false: MRSA can look like mastitis when on breast -
CORRECT ANSWER TRUE can masquerade as mastitis. might
see peeling skin, pitting. can also cause lesions and abscess.
, Abscess on breast is full of ... - CORRECT ANSWER PUS not
MILK. as many as 60% positive for MRSA.
can you nurse on same side as abscess - CORRECT ANSWER
No should nurse on other breast. must be aware of possible
contamination on flanges, pump parts, can not track infection from
one side to other.
abscess surgical intervention - CORRECT ANSWER can cut
through nerves and ducts. try to avoid surgical intervention
treatment of abscess - CORRECT ANSWER drainage through
ultrasound-guided technique is first choice (needle aspiration
often has to be repeated)
Report any suspicious area of the breast to a qualified provider
because it could be... - CORRECT ANSWER MRSA or herpes-
fatal for babies
Goldsmith's sign - CORRECT ANSWER The association of a
baby's persistent refusal of one breast with possible breast cancer
in the mother
-can also happen suddenly with older babies
-rule out common problems such as ear infection, teething, birth
trauma
-CA may be diagnosed as late as 5 yrs after this sign
Neonatal hypoglycemia - CORRECT ANSWER -symptomatic
infants = glucose of 40 requires per APP
-dextrose & BF = first line tx
-SGA, LGA, diabetic moms, late preterm infants at gretest risk
Signs of neonatal hypoglycemia - CORRECT ANSWER •
Jitteriness, tremors
• Poor muscle tone
• Diaphoresis (sweating)
• Poor suck, failing to sustain latch
• Tachypnea
• Tachycardia
• Dyspnea
• Grunting
• Cyanosis
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Thrush during BF - CORRECT ANSWER painful for mother &
baby.
may be visible or may not (whiteness that can't be wiped off)
-mother will have itchy, flaky, shiny skin
-candida not found inside the ducts or milk
Treatment of candida on breast - CORRECT ANSWER -nystatin
first line
-flucanizole second line
-throw out all yeast vectors (pacifiers sterilize breast pumps)
-flucanazole oral capsules may be used to clean yeast vectors
due to the biofilm created on pacifiers by candida
What to do if antifungal treatment for yeast doesn't work? -
CORRECT ANSWER Not candida infection!
Reynaud's Phenomenon - CORRECT ANSWER -vasospasm of
nipple, recognized by triple color sign: from white--> blue-->
raspberry or bicolor sign white --> raspberry.
pain is extreme and spasmodic (not continuous)
-this happens after feeding once baby's mouth comes off nipple
has vasospasm, feels like frostbite
treatment of reynauds - CORRECT ANSWER -prevent/decrease
cold exposure
-avoid vasoconstrictive drugs such as caffeine and hypertensive
drugs, nicotine
-can use nifedipine or calcium channel blocker
,Nipple pain and poor milk transfer that is persistent despite
optimal latch - CORRECT ANSWER -can use nipple shield as a
test to see if baby exerting too much pressure?
-OT involvement
-in rare cases baby have a strong sucking vacuum as measured
by a pressure transducer or nipple shield
Clogs/plugs - CORRECT ANSWER Palpable lumps of milk within
the lumen or duct system, usually not visible. Solids dont get
absorbed...could be too tight of a bra slowing flow of milk
what to do for clogs/plugs - CORRECT ANSWER Encourage
massage using side of hand and warm compresses. Do double
nursing by doubling up on side of clog to push it out. point baby's
chin toward clog
See PCP if clog hasnt moved in 24-48 hours or systemic
symptoms of inflammation (flu like s/s)
When to call PCP for clog/plug - CORRECT ANSWER If plug
hasn't moved in 24-48 hrs or systemic signs of inflammation (flu
like s/s)
Causes of clogs/plug - CORRECT ANSWER too tight nursing bra
what is a bleb - CORRECT ANSWER small white spots on the
face of the nipple that look like milk-filled blisters. one duct
opening is usually covered
what does a bleb feel like - CORRECT ANSWER painful
stabbing pinpoint pain
how to get rid of blebs - CORRECT ANSWER Same as clog
treatment. Sometimes need t be lanced by HCP
Common mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER -can be non-infective or
infective
-blocked ducts from engorgment, hurried feedings, nipple shield
(pressure will build until milk sneaks out of space, body reacts to
this like invader)
causes of common mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER -tight bra
(look for indentation of breast straps)
-use of breast shell or nipple shell
-attachment difficulties
,-anemia in the mother
-tongue tie in baby (ineffective milk emptying)
s/s common mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER systemic- fever, ill,
malaise, redness, pain, one inflamed breast
What bacteria causes infective mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER
Staphylococcus
tx common mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER NSAIDS first line but
make sure diagnosed by PCP
-must keep pumping/breastfeeding to keep milk flowing. keeps
breasts soft/comfortable to avoid abscess development
Abscess on breast - CORRECT ANSWER Localized areas of
pus and necrotic tissue that can develop with a breast infection
•Can develop in the subcutaneous, intramammary,
retromammarylayers
•Symptoms include pain, swelling, redness, fever, increased WBC
count, palpable mass
-pocket of pus forms in the breast
-from untreated mastitis
Antibiotics for mastitis? - CORRECT ANSWER Usually for
double mastitis, not generally proscribed for one breast common
mastitis. If treatment uneffective consider anemia, ductal or
inflammatory breast cancer
Double mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER EMERGENT AND
UNCOMMON- tissue of both breasts inflamed.
organism cause of double mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER strep -
potentially fatal, whole body inflammation, sepsis
-not a problem with milk
signs of inflammatory breast cancer - CORRECT ANSWER -
breast tissue is red, warm, has orange peel (peau d'orange),
pitting appearance on skin surface
- breast mass may or may not be present
True/false: MRSA can look like mastitis when on breast -
CORRECT ANSWER TRUE can masquerade as mastitis. might
see peeling skin, pitting. can also cause lesions and abscess.
, Abscess on breast is full of ... - CORRECT ANSWER PUS not
MILK. as many as 60% positive for MRSA.
can you nurse on same side as abscess - CORRECT ANSWER
No should nurse on other breast. must be aware of possible
contamination on flanges, pump parts, can not track infection from
one side to other.
abscess surgical intervention - CORRECT ANSWER can cut
through nerves and ducts. try to avoid surgical intervention
treatment of abscess - CORRECT ANSWER drainage through
ultrasound-guided technique is first choice (needle aspiration
often has to be repeated)
Report any suspicious area of the breast to a qualified provider
because it could be... - CORRECT ANSWER MRSA or herpes-
fatal for babies
Goldsmith's sign - CORRECT ANSWER The association of a
baby's persistent refusal of one breast with possible breast cancer
in the mother
-can also happen suddenly with older babies
-rule out common problems such as ear infection, teething, birth
trauma
-CA may be diagnosed as late as 5 yrs after this sign
Neonatal hypoglycemia - CORRECT ANSWER -symptomatic
infants = glucose of 40 requires per APP
-dextrose & BF = first line tx
-SGA, LGA, diabetic moms, late preterm infants at gretest risk
Signs of neonatal hypoglycemia - CORRECT ANSWER •
Jitteriness, tremors
• Poor muscle tone
• Diaphoresis (sweating)
• Poor suck, failing to sustain latch
• Tachypnea
• Tachycardia
• Dyspnea
• Grunting
• Cyanosis
