Accepted Manuscript
3+ 3+
Emission Analysis of Li6LuY(BO3)3:Tb ,Dy Phosphors
U. Fawad, H.J. Kim, Matiullah Khan
PII: S1350-4487(16)30064-6
DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.02.031
Reference: RM 5592
To appear in: Radiation Measurements
Received Date: 24 October 2015
Revised Date: 16 February 2016
Accepted Date: 19 February 2016
Please cite this article as: Fawad, U., Kim, H.J., Khan, M., Emission Analysis of
3+ 3+
Li6LuY(BO3)3:Tb ,Dy Phosphors, Radiation Measurements (2016), doi: 10.1016/
j.radmeas.2016.02.031.
This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to
our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo
copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please
note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all
legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
, ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Emission Analysis of Li6LuY(BO3)3:Tb3+,Dy3+ Phosphors
U. Fawad1,2, H.J. Kim2*, Matiullah Khan2
2
Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
1
Department of Physics, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.
PT
*
Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Hong Joo Kim
Tel. No.: +82-53-956-5323, Fax. No.: +82-53-956-1739,
E-mail:
RI
ABSTRACT
SC
In this paper, we present the synthesis and luminescence properties of Tb3+ and Dy3+ -
doped lithium lutetium yttrium borate (Li6LuY(BO3)3) phosphors. We have adopted the
U
well-known solid state reaction method for the synthesis of these phosphors. The
AN
emission intensities of the synthesized phosphors were found to reach their maximum,
when doped by 1 mol% of Tb3+ and 3 mol% of Dy3+, beyond which emission intensities
decrease due to concentration quenching. The homogeneous phase, crystalline
M
structure and uniform morphology of the synthesized phosphors were confirmed by X-
ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X-ray and
D
UV-VIS-induced luminescence, decay time and CIE chromaticity were investigated for
TE
the synthesized phosphors.
The X-ray induced integrated light yield was measured to be 82% for Li6LuY(BO3)3:Tb3+
(LLYBO) and 59% for Li6LuY(BO3)3:Dy3+ of that of commercially available X-ray imaging
EP
material; Gd2O2S:Tb3+ (Gadox).
LLYBO:Tb3+ phosphor displayed five major emission bands that correspond to 5Dj → 7Fj
C
transitions. The 1931 Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity
coordinates were also measured.
AC
Keywords: Li6LuY(BO3)3, Emission, Photoluminescence, LED, X-ray
1. Introduction
, ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Literature survey reveals that borate materials have been excessively used owing to
their promising properties such as low synthesis temperature, chemical stability, high
transparency in the visible and ultraviolet (UV) region, almost no toxicity to the human
tissues, wide band gap and high radiation damage threshold [1-6]. The complex
structure of borate materials lead to a variety of borate materials available for various
PT
applications. The ternary orthoborate materials have applications in the fields of laser,
medical imaging, scintillation detection, high energy physics, plasma display panels
RI
(PDPs), light emitting diodes (LEDs), thermoluminescence dosimetry [4,7-12].
Li6R(BO3)3 (R = trivalent rare earth ions) is a special class of ternary orthoborate (Li2O-
SC
R2O3-B2O3) material, that have been excessively researched for their widespread
applications [13-16]. Two of the materials of Li6R(BO3)3 class i.e. Li6Lu(BO3)3 (LLBO)
U
and Li6Y(BO3)3 (LYBO) have been studied as scintillators for radiation detection and as
lasing material [8,13,15,17,18].
AN
Li6Lu(BO3)3 (LLBO) bears a relatively higher density of 3.82 g/cm3, that enables it to
yield higher light output. The first LLBO crystal was grown by Feng et al. [19]. LYBO has
M
a wide band gap of 6.8 eV, which is large enough to accommodate various rare earth
activators to luminescence purpose [8]. Both LLBO and LYBO materials have been
D
doped with different rare earths such as Ce3+, Eu3+ and Sm3+ for various applications in
the fields of scintillation detection. Both materials contain 6Li, 10B and 155,157
Gd that have
TE
potential for thermal neutron detection [15,20-23]. For thermal neutrons, the cross-
sections of the reactions 6Li (n, α) 3H and B (n, α) 7Li are 94l ± 4 barns and 3837 ± 9
10
EP
barns, respectively [15,18,23-27].
Both LLBO and LYBO materials are isostructural with other members of Li6R(BO3)3
C
family such as, Li6Gd(BO3)3, Li6Ho(BO3)3 and Li6Yb(BO3)3 and are possessing
monoclinic structure with P21/c space group [20,28-34]. The reported unit cell
AC
parameters of LLBO are very similar to those of LYBO [16,19].
Hence the above discussion reveals that both LLBO and LYBO materials have been
studied intensively, due to their better scintillation and luminescence properties.
However, no study has been conducted for their mixed material (LLYBO) with Tb3+ and
Dy3+ doping.
3+ 3+
Emission Analysis of Li6LuY(BO3)3:Tb ,Dy Phosphors
U. Fawad, H.J. Kim, Matiullah Khan
PII: S1350-4487(16)30064-6
DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.02.031
Reference: RM 5592
To appear in: Radiation Measurements
Received Date: 24 October 2015
Revised Date: 16 February 2016
Accepted Date: 19 February 2016
Please cite this article as: Fawad, U., Kim, H.J., Khan, M., Emission Analysis of
3+ 3+
Li6LuY(BO3)3:Tb ,Dy Phosphors, Radiation Measurements (2016), doi: 10.1016/
j.radmeas.2016.02.031.
This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to
our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo
copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please
note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all
legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
, ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Emission Analysis of Li6LuY(BO3)3:Tb3+,Dy3+ Phosphors
U. Fawad1,2, H.J. Kim2*, Matiullah Khan2
2
Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
1
Department of Physics, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.
PT
*
Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Hong Joo Kim
Tel. No.: +82-53-956-5323, Fax. No.: +82-53-956-1739,
E-mail:
RI
ABSTRACT
SC
In this paper, we present the synthesis and luminescence properties of Tb3+ and Dy3+ -
doped lithium lutetium yttrium borate (Li6LuY(BO3)3) phosphors. We have adopted the
U
well-known solid state reaction method for the synthesis of these phosphors. The
AN
emission intensities of the synthesized phosphors were found to reach their maximum,
when doped by 1 mol% of Tb3+ and 3 mol% of Dy3+, beyond which emission intensities
decrease due to concentration quenching. The homogeneous phase, crystalline
M
structure and uniform morphology of the synthesized phosphors were confirmed by X-
ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X-ray and
D
UV-VIS-induced luminescence, decay time and CIE chromaticity were investigated for
TE
the synthesized phosphors.
The X-ray induced integrated light yield was measured to be 82% for Li6LuY(BO3)3:Tb3+
(LLYBO) and 59% for Li6LuY(BO3)3:Dy3+ of that of commercially available X-ray imaging
EP
material; Gd2O2S:Tb3+ (Gadox).
LLYBO:Tb3+ phosphor displayed five major emission bands that correspond to 5Dj → 7Fj
C
transitions. The 1931 Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity
coordinates were also measured.
AC
Keywords: Li6LuY(BO3)3, Emission, Photoluminescence, LED, X-ray
1. Introduction
, ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Literature survey reveals that borate materials have been excessively used owing to
their promising properties such as low synthesis temperature, chemical stability, high
transparency in the visible and ultraviolet (UV) region, almost no toxicity to the human
tissues, wide band gap and high radiation damage threshold [1-6]. The complex
structure of borate materials lead to a variety of borate materials available for various
PT
applications. The ternary orthoborate materials have applications in the fields of laser,
medical imaging, scintillation detection, high energy physics, plasma display panels
RI
(PDPs), light emitting diodes (LEDs), thermoluminescence dosimetry [4,7-12].
Li6R(BO3)3 (R = trivalent rare earth ions) is a special class of ternary orthoborate (Li2O-
SC
R2O3-B2O3) material, that have been excessively researched for their widespread
applications [13-16]. Two of the materials of Li6R(BO3)3 class i.e. Li6Lu(BO3)3 (LLBO)
U
and Li6Y(BO3)3 (LYBO) have been studied as scintillators for radiation detection and as
lasing material [8,13,15,17,18].
AN
Li6Lu(BO3)3 (LLBO) bears a relatively higher density of 3.82 g/cm3, that enables it to
yield higher light output. The first LLBO crystal was grown by Feng et al. [19]. LYBO has
M
a wide band gap of 6.8 eV, which is large enough to accommodate various rare earth
activators to luminescence purpose [8]. Both LLBO and LYBO materials have been
D
doped with different rare earths such as Ce3+, Eu3+ and Sm3+ for various applications in
the fields of scintillation detection. Both materials contain 6Li, 10B and 155,157
Gd that have
TE
potential for thermal neutron detection [15,20-23]. For thermal neutrons, the cross-
sections of the reactions 6Li (n, α) 3H and B (n, α) 7Li are 94l ± 4 barns and 3837 ± 9
10
EP
barns, respectively [15,18,23-27].
Both LLBO and LYBO materials are isostructural with other members of Li6R(BO3)3
C
family such as, Li6Gd(BO3)3, Li6Ho(BO3)3 and Li6Yb(BO3)3 and are possessing
monoclinic structure with P21/c space group [20,28-34]. The reported unit cell
AC
parameters of LLBO are very similar to those of LYBO [16,19].
Hence the above discussion reveals that both LLBO and LYBO materials have been
studied intensively, due to their better scintillation and luminescence properties.
However, no study has been conducted for their mixed material (LLYBO) with Tb3+ and
Dy3+ doping.
