MIP 300 Advanced Exam.

MIP 300 Advanced Exam. Symbiosis - answerAny type of relationship between organisms Commensal relationship - answerRelationship between organisms where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited, arguably does not exist any more Mutualistic relationship - answerRelationship between organisms where both benefit, most common type Parasitic relationship - answerRelationship between organisms where one benefits off of the other's expense, least common type Parisitism on a relationship level should not be confused with... - answerMacroscopic parasites such as hookworms Normal flora - answerOrganisms residing on body surfaces Colonization - answerNormal flora proliferating within host Infection - answerDisease causing bacteria proliferating in host List of locations where flora should be found - answer-Any part of GI tract -Upper respiratory tract -Little bit in deep respiratory tract -Skin -Eyes -Urogenital tract (not typically bladder) List of locations where flora should not be found - answer-Any organs such as heart, liver, kidneys, spleen Protective functions of normal flora - answer1) Compete for attachment within host with pathogenic genera 2) Produce antimicrobial substances, vitamins, and neurotransmitters 3) Stimulate the immune system Normal flora functionally... - answer-Impact digestion -Are in constant flux depending on diet -Most closely resemble housemates Fecal transplant - answerNot approved by the FDA currently, but physician can prescribe movement of feces from donor to recipient with similar gut biomes to reproduce gut bacteria within the GI tract, will become an issue in athletics with fecal doping Infectious disease - answerHost cannot function normally due to presence of parasite or its products Pathogen - answerDisease causing microbe Pathogenicity - answerAn organism's capacity to cause disease Virulence - answerDegree of intensity of pathogenicity, indicated by morbidity and mortality rates 4 factors affecting outcome of host/parasite relationships - answer1) Virulence of parasite 2) Host nutrition 3) Host life style 4) Host living conditions Even just _________ levels of a highly virulent microbe can make an individual sick, while ________ levels of a low virulence microbe are needed to make an individual sick - answerLow, high Symptoms - answerCannot be observed but must be reported, such as nausea, pain, etc. Signs - answerCan be observed on patient, such as rash, cough, etc. Disease syndrome - answerCollection of signs and symptoms of a disease Intensity of symptoms and time of infection is largely dependent on... - answerThe virulence and type of microbe 4 phases of infectious disease process - answer1) Incubation period - plantation and division, not showing symptoms yet 2) Prodromal stage - Some signs and symptoms, not intense, feeling "off" 3) Illness period - Full blown sick, aware of symptoms 4)Convalescence - Immune system/medication, signs and symptoms end gradually Stages disease can be spread - answerVaries on disease, can range from prodromal stage to illness period to convalescence Iceberg theory of infection - answerMost infections are asymptomatic and can only be detected with serologic assays, very few of numerous infections even show symptoms sever enough to consciously notice Infectivity - answer1 of 3 factors affecting virulence, how well an organism can transmit and implant, survive and reproduce in a host 2 modes of infectivity - answerDirect - through touch, airborne droplets, vertical contact, or vector Indirect - contact fomites (objects carrying infection), food, water, biological products, airbo