Anatomy and Physiology OpenStax
anatomy - study of body structure
gross anatomy - study of structures easily seen by naked eye
regional anatomy - how structures work together in specific region of body
systemic anatomy - how structures work together in specific body system
physiology - chemistry/ physics of the body; how the structures of the body work
together
homeostasis - maintenance of body's internal balance
How was anatomy studied in the past? - Evaluating injuries and cadavers.
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - Anatomy is the study of the
body's structures and physiology is the study of how those structures work together.
What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology? - Both areas of study need
the other to be fully understood; they depend on one another
What is form and function? How are they related? - Form is the composition of a body
structure. Function is how that structure operates. They are related because
composition determines how a structure will function.
What are the six levels of organization in the body? - Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
cell - smallest unit of living things
, tissue - similar cells that work together
organelle - tiny structure that carries out functions in a cell; mini organs for the cell
organ - structure that has 2+ tissue types
organ system - 2+ organs that work together to maintain bodily functions
organism - being that can live independently and has cell structure
What does the integumentary system do? - covers internal body structures
senses input from environment
What does the skeletal system do? - supports the body
helps us move
What does the muscular system do? - helps maintain body temperature
helps us move
What does the nervous system do? - controls body's responses
processes and detects sensory information
What does the endocrine system do? - secretes hormones
regulates body's processes
What does the cardiovascular system do? - distributes nutrients and oxygen to cells
throughout body
maintains body temperature
What does the lymphatic system do? - returns fluid back to blood
defends against pathogens
What does the respiratory system do? - gets rid of CO2
gives oxygen to blood
What does the digestive system do? - turns food into usable energy for cells
gets rid of waste (parts of food that body cannot use)
What does the reproductive system do? - produces sex hormones and cells
(f) supports the embryo/ fetus until birth
(f) provides milk to infant(s)
What makes up the integumentary system? - skin, hair, nails
What makes up the skeletal system? - bones, joints, cartilage
What makes up the muscular system? - skeletal muscles and tendons
anatomy - study of body structure
gross anatomy - study of structures easily seen by naked eye
regional anatomy - how structures work together in specific region of body
systemic anatomy - how structures work together in specific body system
physiology - chemistry/ physics of the body; how the structures of the body work
together
homeostasis - maintenance of body's internal balance
How was anatomy studied in the past? - Evaluating injuries and cadavers.
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - Anatomy is the study of the
body's structures and physiology is the study of how those structures work together.
What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology? - Both areas of study need
the other to be fully understood; they depend on one another
What is form and function? How are they related? - Form is the composition of a body
structure. Function is how that structure operates. They are related because
composition determines how a structure will function.
What are the six levels of organization in the body? - Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
cell - smallest unit of living things
, tissue - similar cells that work together
organelle - tiny structure that carries out functions in a cell; mini organs for the cell
organ - structure that has 2+ tissue types
organ system - 2+ organs that work together to maintain bodily functions
organism - being that can live independently and has cell structure
What does the integumentary system do? - covers internal body structures
senses input from environment
What does the skeletal system do? - supports the body
helps us move
What does the muscular system do? - helps maintain body temperature
helps us move
What does the nervous system do? - controls body's responses
processes and detects sensory information
What does the endocrine system do? - secretes hormones
regulates body's processes
What does the cardiovascular system do? - distributes nutrients and oxygen to cells
throughout body
maintains body temperature
What does the lymphatic system do? - returns fluid back to blood
defends against pathogens
What does the respiratory system do? - gets rid of CO2
gives oxygen to blood
What does the digestive system do? - turns food into usable energy for cells
gets rid of waste (parts of food that body cannot use)
What does the reproductive system do? - produces sex hormones and cells
(f) supports the embryo/ fetus until birth
(f) provides milk to infant(s)
What makes up the integumentary system? - skin, hair, nails
What makes up the skeletal system? - bones, joints, cartilage
What makes up the muscular system? - skeletal muscles and tendons
