NUR 111 Final Exam (Key Points)
complete latest update 2023-2024
What is serous exudate? - ansclear, thin, watery
What is sanguineous exudate? - ansred, thin, watery
What is serosanguineous exudate? - ansthin, watery, pale red to pink
What is seropurulent exudate? - ansthin, watery, cloudy, yellow/tan
What is purulent exudate? - ansthick, opaque, tan/yellow/green
What are striae? - ansstretch marks
What is dessication? - ansdehydration of wound
What is maceration? - ansoverhydration of wound
What is necrosis? - anstissue death
What is slough? - ansyellow, stringy tissue
What is eschar? - ansblack leathery tissue
What is debridement? - ansremoval of dead tissue
What is 1+ edema? - ansslight pitting, no obvious distortion
How deep is 1+ edema? - ans2mm
What is 2+ edema? - ansdeeper pit, no obvious distortion
How deep is 2+ edema? - ans4mm
What is 3+ edema? - anspit is obvious, extremities are swollen
,How deep is 3+ edema? - ans6mm
What is 4+ edema? - anspit remains with obvious distortion
How deep is 4+ edema? - ans8mm
What is a stage 1 pressure ulcer? - ansskin is intact, non-blancheable redness
What is a stage 2 pressure ulcer? - anspartial thickness skin loss involving epidermis,
dermis, or both
What is a stage 3 pressure ulcer? - ansfull thickness skin loss that extends to subQ
tissue
what is a stage 4 pressure ulcer? - ansfull thickness skin loss that extends through and
past muscle into bone
What is an unstageable pressure ulcer? - ansfull thickness tissue loss with slough or
eschar at the base of the wound
How does applying heat affect blood vessels? - ansit dilates them
How does applying cold affect blood vessels? - ansit constricts them
What are some symptoms of grief? - ansanxiety, depression, weight loss, vomiting,
fatigue, headache
What are the Kubler-Ross stages of grief? - ansdenial, anger, bargaining, depression,
acceptance
What is the denial stage of grief? - ansrefusal to believe, can't make decisions well, will
isolate
What is the anger stage of grief? - ansdemanding, accusing, builds up and releases
resentment
What is the bargaining stage of grief? - anstries to explain how things could have been
done differently or better
What is the depression stage of grief? - ansrealizes the permanence of death, has lack
of motivation, isolation, loneliness
What is the acceptance stage of grief? - anscomes to terms with the death
What is General Adaptation Syndrome? - ansbiochemical model of the body's response
to stress
, What are the three stages of general adaptation syndrome? - ansalarm, resistance,
exhaustion
What occurs during the alarm stage of GAS? - anshomeostasis is first disrupted, the
body prepares for fight or flight
What occurs during the shock stage of GAS? - ansCNS perceives stressor and sends
message to activate endocrine and sympathetic nervous system
How long can the shock stage last? - ans1-2 minutes to 24 hours
What occurs during the countershock stage of GAS? - ansCNS sends message to stop
extra hormone release
What occurs during the resistance stage of GAS? - ansbody uses psychological and
physiological coping mechanisms to protect itself and maintain homeostasis
What occurs if the resistance stage is successful? - ansthe stress is reduced to a small
area and homeostasis is regained
What occurs if the resistance stage is unsuccessful? - ansthe body moves to the
exhaustion stage
What occurs during the exhaustion stage of GAS? - ansthe body is exhausted and out
of resources
Which stage of GAS is the most hazardous to health? - ansexhaustion
What is mild anxiety? - ansnormal experience of day-to-day living, increases alertness
and perceptual field
What are the signs and symptoms of mild anxiety? - ansrestlessness, increased
questioning
What is moderate anxiety? - ansanxiety increases, perceptual field narrows
What are the signs and symptoms of moderate anxiety? - ansquivering voice, tremors,
butterflies in stomach, increased muscle tension, slight increase in HR and RR
What is severe anxiety? - ansconcentration centers on problem, impaired learning and
easily distracted
What are the signs and symptoms of severe anxiety? - ansdifficulty communicating,
fearful facial expressions, headache, nausea, dizziness, hyperventilation
What is panic? - anssevere feelings of dread/terror/doom, disorganized state of mind
complete latest update 2023-2024
What is serous exudate? - ansclear, thin, watery
What is sanguineous exudate? - ansred, thin, watery
What is serosanguineous exudate? - ansthin, watery, pale red to pink
What is seropurulent exudate? - ansthin, watery, cloudy, yellow/tan
What is purulent exudate? - ansthick, opaque, tan/yellow/green
What are striae? - ansstretch marks
What is dessication? - ansdehydration of wound
What is maceration? - ansoverhydration of wound
What is necrosis? - anstissue death
What is slough? - ansyellow, stringy tissue
What is eschar? - ansblack leathery tissue
What is debridement? - ansremoval of dead tissue
What is 1+ edema? - ansslight pitting, no obvious distortion
How deep is 1+ edema? - ans2mm
What is 2+ edema? - ansdeeper pit, no obvious distortion
How deep is 2+ edema? - ans4mm
What is 3+ edema? - anspit is obvious, extremities are swollen
,How deep is 3+ edema? - ans6mm
What is 4+ edema? - anspit remains with obvious distortion
How deep is 4+ edema? - ans8mm
What is a stage 1 pressure ulcer? - ansskin is intact, non-blancheable redness
What is a stage 2 pressure ulcer? - anspartial thickness skin loss involving epidermis,
dermis, or both
What is a stage 3 pressure ulcer? - ansfull thickness skin loss that extends to subQ
tissue
what is a stage 4 pressure ulcer? - ansfull thickness skin loss that extends through and
past muscle into bone
What is an unstageable pressure ulcer? - ansfull thickness tissue loss with slough or
eschar at the base of the wound
How does applying heat affect blood vessels? - ansit dilates them
How does applying cold affect blood vessels? - ansit constricts them
What are some symptoms of grief? - ansanxiety, depression, weight loss, vomiting,
fatigue, headache
What are the Kubler-Ross stages of grief? - ansdenial, anger, bargaining, depression,
acceptance
What is the denial stage of grief? - ansrefusal to believe, can't make decisions well, will
isolate
What is the anger stage of grief? - ansdemanding, accusing, builds up and releases
resentment
What is the bargaining stage of grief? - anstries to explain how things could have been
done differently or better
What is the depression stage of grief? - ansrealizes the permanence of death, has lack
of motivation, isolation, loneliness
What is the acceptance stage of grief? - anscomes to terms with the death
What is General Adaptation Syndrome? - ansbiochemical model of the body's response
to stress
, What are the three stages of general adaptation syndrome? - ansalarm, resistance,
exhaustion
What occurs during the alarm stage of GAS? - anshomeostasis is first disrupted, the
body prepares for fight or flight
What occurs during the shock stage of GAS? - ansCNS perceives stressor and sends
message to activate endocrine and sympathetic nervous system
How long can the shock stage last? - ans1-2 minutes to 24 hours
What occurs during the countershock stage of GAS? - ansCNS sends message to stop
extra hormone release
What occurs during the resistance stage of GAS? - ansbody uses psychological and
physiological coping mechanisms to protect itself and maintain homeostasis
What occurs if the resistance stage is successful? - ansthe stress is reduced to a small
area and homeostasis is regained
What occurs if the resistance stage is unsuccessful? - ansthe body moves to the
exhaustion stage
What occurs during the exhaustion stage of GAS? - ansthe body is exhausted and out
of resources
Which stage of GAS is the most hazardous to health? - ansexhaustion
What is mild anxiety? - ansnormal experience of day-to-day living, increases alertness
and perceptual field
What are the signs and symptoms of mild anxiety? - ansrestlessness, increased
questioning
What is moderate anxiety? - ansanxiety increases, perceptual field narrows
What are the signs and symptoms of moderate anxiety? - ansquivering voice, tremors,
butterflies in stomach, increased muscle tension, slight increase in HR and RR
What is severe anxiety? - ansconcentration centers on problem, impaired learning and
easily distracted
What are the signs and symptoms of severe anxiety? - ansdifficulty communicating,
fearful facial expressions, headache, nausea, dizziness, hyperventilation
What is panic? - anssevere feelings of dread/terror/doom, disorganized state of mind
