OCN Study Guide
Pleural Effusion - answer fluid in pleural space
pneumothorax - answer air in the pleural space
Which chemo has a high risk for pulmonary toxicity? - answer bleomycin
(Blenoxane)
For which pulmonary toxicity does bleomycin have a high risk? - answer Pneumonitis
Hypocapnia - answer reduced carbon dioxide in the blood
Signs and Symptoms of pleural effusion - answer tachypnea (fast breathing)
decreased breath sounds
dullness to percussion
Define Lymphedema - answer obstruction of lymphatic system that caused overload
of lymph in the interstitial space
Define Edema - answer fluid in the interstitial space
Cancer most commonly associated with lymphedema - answer Breast
Stage 1 Lymphedema - answer less than 3 cm difference
pitting edema
Stage 2 Lymphedema - answer 3-5 cm difference
skin stretched and shiny
nonpitting
Stage 3 Lymphedema - answer greater than 5 cm difference
skin discolored, stretched, firm
nonpitting
Lymphedema treatment - answer compression garment
manual lymphatic drainage
elevation
aerobic exercise with strength training
low sodium diet
,Sentinel lymph node dissection - answer removal of the first lymph node that
contains cancer cells
Hematoma - answer abnormal collection of blood in tissues
Pericardial effusion - answer excess fluid around the heart
Tumors associated with malignant pericardial effusions - answer Lung
High dose cyclophosphamide cardiac effects - answer damaged cardiac endothelium
Paclitaxel cardiac effects - answer asymptomatic bradycardia
5FU cardiac effects - answer coronary artery spasm
Anthracycline (Daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and epirubicin) cardiac effects - answer
cardiomyopathy
Diagnostic test for pericardial effusion - answer Echo
Abnormalities of what electrolyte and what mineral interfere with cardiac function? -
answer Potassium and Calcium
What med can be used to protect heart against effects of doxorubicin - answer
Dexrazoxane
Spiral CT - answer Diagnostic test for pulmonary emboli
D-DImer test - answer used to diagnose or rule out conditions that cause
hypercoagulability (inappropriate clotting)
DIC - answer Accelerated activation of the coagulation cascade. Clots form in
random places leaving the body open to bleeding without protection
Platelet count, Fibrinogen level, D Dimer, FDP Titer - answer Tests to diagnose DIC
How to treat DIC - answer Treat underlying cause
What does FFP do? - answer Contains all of the clotting factors except platelets.
Used to supplement red blood cells when whole blood is not available or to correct a
bleeding problem of unknown cause. It is also used to correct DIC.
Most common cancer associated with DIC? - answer Leukemia, specifically APL
Signs/Symptoms of DIC - answer bleeding from 3 unrelated sites
hypoxia
, SOB
fever
mottled extremities
Causes of DIC - answer Delivery (of baby)
Infection
Cancer
How does Heparin help DIC? - answer Interferes with thrombin production. Maintain
PTT at 1-2 times the normal level (18-28 seconds)
S/S of septic shock - answer Fever
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Most common cause of sepsis - answer Gram (-) bacteria
DIC - answer Accelerated activation of the coagulation cascade. Clots form in
random places leaving the body open to bleeding without protection
Platelet count, Fibrinogen level, D Dimer, FDP Titer - answer Tests to diagnose DIC
How to treat DIC - answer Treat underlying cause
What does FFP do? - answer Contains all of the clotting factors except platelets.
Used to supplement red blood cells when whole blood is not available or to correct a
bleeding problem of unknown cause. It is also used to correct DIC.
Most common cancer associated with DIC? - answer Leukemia, specifically APL
Signs/Symptoms of DIC - answer bleeding from 3 unrelated sites
hypoxia
SOB
fever
mottled extremities
Causes of DIC - answer Delivery (of baby)
Infection
Cancer
How does Heparin help DIC? - answer Interferes with thrombin production. Maintain
PTT at 1-2 times the normal level (18-28 seconds)
S/S of septic shock - answer Fever
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Pleural Effusion - answer fluid in pleural space
pneumothorax - answer air in the pleural space
Which chemo has a high risk for pulmonary toxicity? - answer bleomycin
(Blenoxane)
For which pulmonary toxicity does bleomycin have a high risk? - answer Pneumonitis
Hypocapnia - answer reduced carbon dioxide in the blood
Signs and Symptoms of pleural effusion - answer tachypnea (fast breathing)
decreased breath sounds
dullness to percussion
Define Lymphedema - answer obstruction of lymphatic system that caused overload
of lymph in the interstitial space
Define Edema - answer fluid in the interstitial space
Cancer most commonly associated with lymphedema - answer Breast
Stage 1 Lymphedema - answer less than 3 cm difference
pitting edema
Stage 2 Lymphedema - answer 3-5 cm difference
skin stretched and shiny
nonpitting
Stage 3 Lymphedema - answer greater than 5 cm difference
skin discolored, stretched, firm
nonpitting
Lymphedema treatment - answer compression garment
manual lymphatic drainage
elevation
aerobic exercise with strength training
low sodium diet
,Sentinel lymph node dissection - answer removal of the first lymph node that
contains cancer cells
Hematoma - answer abnormal collection of blood in tissues
Pericardial effusion - answer excess fluid around the heart
Tumors associated with malignant pericardial effusions - answer Lung
High dose cyclophosphamide cardiac effects - answer damaged cardiac endothelium
Paclitaxel cardiac effects - answer asymptomatic bradycardia
5FU cardiac effects - answer coronary artery spasm
Anthracycline (Daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and epirubicin) cardiac effects - answer
cardiomyopathy
Diagnostic test for pericardial effusion - answer Echo
Abnormalities of what electrolyte and what mineral interfere with cardiac function? -
answer Potassium and Calcium
What med can be used to protect heart against effects of doxorubicin - answer
Dexrazoxane
Spiral CT - answer Diagnostic test for pulmonary emboli
D-DImer test - answer used to diagnose or rule out conditions that cause
hypercoagulability (inappropriate clotting)
DIC - answer Accelerated activation of the coagulation cascade. Clots form in
random places leaving the body open to bleeding without protection
Platelet count, Fibrinogen level, D Dimer, FDP Titer - answer Tests to diagnose DIC
How to treat DIC - answer Treat underlying cause
What does FFP do? - answer Contains all of the clotting factors except platelets.
Used to supplement red blood cells when whole blood is not available or to correct a
bleeding problem of unknown cause. It is also used to correct DIC.
Most common cancer associated with DIC? - answer Leukemia, specifically APL
Signs/Symptoms of DIC - answer bleeding from 3 unrelated sites
hypoxia
, SOB
fever
mottled extremities
Causes of DIC - answer Delivery (of baby)
Infection
Cancer
How does Heparin help DIC? - answer Interferes with thrombin production. Maintain
PTT at 1-2 times the normal level (18-28 seconds)
S/S of septic shock - answer Fever
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Most common cause of sepsis - answer Gram (-) bacteria
DIC - answer Accelerated activation of the coagulation cascade. Clots form in
random places leaving the body open to bleeding without protection
Platelet count, Fibrinogen level, D Dimer, FDP Titer - answer Tests to diagnose DIC
How to treat DIC - answer Treat underlying cause
What does FFP do? - answer Contains all of the clotting factors except platelets.
Used to supplement red blood cells when whole blood is not available or to correct a
bleeding problem of unknown cause. It is also used to correct DIC.
Most common cancer associated with DIC? - answer Leukemia, specifically APL
Signs/Symptoms of DIC - answer bleeding from 3 unrelated sites
hypoxia
SOB
fever
mottled extremities
Causes of DIC - answer Delivery (of baby)
Infection
Cancer
How does Heparin help DIC? - answer Interferes with thrombin production. Maintain
PTT at 1-2 times the normal level (18-28 seconds)
S/S of septic shock - answer Fever
Tachycardia
Hypotension
