BIOS 242 Fundamentals of Microbiology Chapter 1 Exam Questions With Solutions

BIOS 242 Fundamentals of Microbiology Chapter 1 Exam Questions With Solutions What is Microbiology? - ANS The study of microscopic organisms Major group of microorganisms - ANS Bacteria, Viruses, protozoa, helminths, and fungi. All these are cellular organisms except for the Viruses. Viruses - ANS Cause harm to the host cell they infect. Medical Microbiology - ANS this branch deals with microbes that cause diseases in humans and animals. researchers examine factors that make the microbes virulent and mechanisms for inhibiting them Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology - ANS These branches monitor and control the spread of diseases in communities Immunology - ANS This branch studies the complex web of protective substances and cells produced in response to infection. Industrial Microbiology - ANS This branch safeguards our food and water, and also includes biotechnology, the use of microbial metabolism to arrive at a desired product, ranging from bread making to gene therapy. microbes can be used to create large quantities of substances such as amino acids, beer, drugs, enzymes, and vitamins Agricultural Microbiology - ANS This branch is concerned with the relationship between microbes and domesticated plants and animals Environmental Microbiology - ANS branch of microbiology studying the role of microorganisms in soils, water, and other habitats LUCA - ANS Last Universal Common Ancestor. The shared ancestor that multiple organisms diverged from Eukaryotes - ANS organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Bacteria and Archaea - ANS prokaryotic cells Prokaryotic cell - ANS cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Evolution - ANS Accumulation of Changes that occurs in organisms as they adapt to their environment. Photosynthesis - ANS process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches Anoxygenic photosynthesis - ANS photosynthesis in which oxygen (O2) is not produced