MATERNITY (OB) HESI PN BOOK A+
graded latest complete update
what is the average age for the first menarche? - ans 12.87 years old or 1-3 years
after breast budding
Normal cycle length - ans 21-45 days
When can pregnancy first occur? - ans pregnancy can first occur from the very first
menstrual cycle, a sexually active girl may conceive before her first menstrual cycle.
menarche - ans first menstrual period
when do most women have a ovulatory cycle? - ans within 24 months after menarche
menstrual phase - ans days 1-5.
shedding of endometrium.
uterine bleeding approx. 60mL (LESS THAN 2 OZ)
How long is the menstrual phase? - ans varies in length but usually last 2-8 days.
Proliferation (follicular) phase - ans day 5 to ovulation
begins the first day of menstruation.
ends 14 day later in a 28-day cycle
ovulatory phase - ans final maturation of a single follicle, it releases its mature ovum.
ovulation marks the beginning of the luteal phase - occurs about 14 days into the
menstrual cycle.
,luteal phase - ans begins immediately after ovulation, ends w/ menstruation.
if no implantation occurs, the corpus lute regresses. estrogen + progesterone levels
DECREASE. endometrium sheds via menstruation.
Endometrial cycle - ans menstrual phase: periodic vasoconstriction in upper levels of
endometrium initiates shedding of functional 2/3 of endometrium.
When does ovulation occur? - ans 14 days before menstruation
when are the most fertile days for pregnancy? - ans day before ovulation and day of
ovulation.
when does the fertile period begin? - ans 4 to 5 days before ovulation
when does the fertile period end? - ans 24-48 hours after ovulation.
when should a couple avoid sex to avoid pregnancy? - ans avoid sex several days
before ovulation and 3 days after ovulation.
how long can sperm live in a woman's body? - ans 4-5 days
How long do eggs live? - ans 24-48 hours after being released.
Indications of ovulation - ans Slight drop in temperature 1 day before ovulation (0.5 to
1 degree rise at ovulation), temperature will remain elevated for 10-12 days.
cervical mucus = abundant, watery, clear + more alkaline.
cerival os = dilates slightly, softens + rises in vagina.
spinnbarkeit
ferrying under microscope
Spinnbarkeit - ans egg white stretchiness of cervical mucus
Conditions of fertilization - ans postcoital test = live, mobile, normal sperm person in
cervical mucus.
Fallopian tubes present
endometrial biopsy = adequate progesterone + secretory endometrium.
semen = supportive to pregnancy; 2mL semen, at leas 20 million sperm/mL, more than
60% normal; more than 50% motile
,motile - ans moving forward
Implantation - ans takes place in AMPULLA (outer one third) portion of Fallopian
tube.
zygote takes 3-4 days to enter uterus.
take 7-10 days to complete process of implantation.
zygote (ferttilize ovum) - ans 12-14 days after fertilization.
from he time ovum (egg) is fertilized until it is implanted in the uterus.
ovum - ans egg
embryo - ans 15 days to 8 weeks after fertilization
most vulnerable to teratogens (viruses, drugs, radiation or infections) that can cause
major congenial anomalies.
Teratogens - ans viruses, drugs, radiation or infections
fetus - ans 9 months from fertilization (38+ weeks)
fewer anomalies influenced by teratogen during the fetal.
determining pregnancy length (due dates) - ans it is counted from the first day of LMP
1. 280 days
2. 40 weeks
3. 10 lunar months (perfect 28-day months)
4. 9 calendar months
how long is the first trimester? - ans first day of LMP through 13 weeks
How long is the second trimester? - ans 14-26 weeks
How long is the third trimester? - ans 27-40 weeks
fetal development: 8 WEEKS PREGNANT - ans - rapid development
- major divisions of brain discernible
- heart begins to pump blood
- facial features discernible
, - limb buds are well developed
- ears develop from skin folds
- tiny muscles form beneath the skin embryo
- fetus weighs 2g
maternal changes: 8 WEEKS PREGNANT - ans - nausea may persist up to 12 weeks
- uterus changes from pear too globular shape
- hegar sign (softening of the isthmus of the cervix)
- Goodell sign (softening of the cervix)
- cervix flexes
- leukorrhea increases
- ambivalence about pregnancy may occur
- no noticeable weight gain
- Chadwick sign (bluish discoloration of the vagina, as early as 4 weeks)
Hegar's sign - ans Uterine softening
Goddell's sign - ans softening of the cervix
Chadwick's sign - ans bluish discoloration of the vagina
nursing interventions: 8 WEEKS PREGNANT - ans - dry crackers before getting out
of bed in the morning
- small, frequent meals.
-avoid fatty foods.
-avoid skipping meals.
-no hot tubs, saunas, or steam rooms
-reinforce prenatal nutrition guidelines
-discuss attitude toward pregnancy
-discuss the value of early pregnancy classes that focuses on what to expect during
pregnancy.
-reinforce information about childbirth preparation classes
-include father/family in prep for child birh
why should pregnancy women avoid hot tubs, saunas or steam rooms? - ans it
increases risk of neural tube defects in the 1st trimester.
hypotension may cause fainting.
fetal development: 12 WEEKS PREGNANT - ans -embryo becomes fetus
-heart discernible by ultrasound
-lower body develops
-sex determinable
-kidneys produce urine
-fetus weighs 19-28g (less than 1 oz)
maternal changes: 12 WEEKS PREGNANT - ans -uterus rises above pelvic brim
graded latest complete update
what is the average age for the first menarche? - ans 12.87 years old or 1-3 years
after breast budding
Normal cycle length - ans 21-45 days
When can pregnancy first occur? - ans pregnancy can first occur from the very first
menstrual cycle, a sexually active girl may conceive before her first menstrual cycle.
menarche - ans first menstrual period
when do most women have a ovulatory cycle? - ans within 24 months after menarche
menstrual phase - ans days 1-5.
shedding of endometrium.
uterine bleeding approx. 60mL (LESS THAN 2 OZ)
How long is the menstrual phase? - ans varies in length but usually last 2-8 days.
Proliferation (follicular) phase - ans day 5 to ovulation
begins the first day of menstruation.
ends 14 day later in a 28-day cycle
ovulatory phase - ans final maturation of a single follicle, it releases its mature ovum.
ovulation marks the beginning of the luteal phase - occurs about 14 days into the
menstrual cycle.
,luteal phase - ans begins immediately after ovulation, ends w/ menstruation.
if no implantation occurs, the corpus lute regresses. estrogen + progesterone levels
DECREASE. endometrium sheds via menstruation.
Endometrial cycle - ans menstrual phase: periodic vasoconstriction in upper levels of
endometrium initiates shedding of functional 2/3 of endometrium.
When does ovulation occur? - ans 14 days before menstruation
when are the most fertile days for pregnancy? - ans day before ovulation and day of
ovulation.
when does the fertile period begin? - ans 4 to 5 days before ovulation
when does the fertile period end? - ans 24-48 hours after ovulation.
when should a couple avoid sex to avoid pregnancy? - ans avoid sex several days
before ovulation and 3 days after ovulation.
how long can sperm live in a woman's body? - ans 4-5 days
How long do eggs live? - ans 24-48 hours after being released.
Indications of ovulation - ans Slight drop in temperature 1 day before ovulation (0.5 to
1 degree rise at ovulation), temperature will remain elevated for 10-12 days.
cervical mucus = abundant, watery, clear + more alkaline.
cerival os = dilates slightly, softens + rises in vagina.
spinnbarkeit
ferrying under microscope
Spinnbarkeit - ans egg white stretchiness of cervical mucus
Conditions of fertilization - ans postcoital test = live, mobile, normal sperm person in
cervical mucus.
Fallopian tubes present
endometrial biopsy = adequate progesterone + secretory endometrium.
semen = supportive to pregnancy; 2mL semen, at leas 20 million sperm/mL, more than
60% normal; more than 50% motile
,motile - ans moving forward
Implantation - ans takes place in AMPULLA (outer one third) portion of Fallopian
tube.
zygote takes 3-4 days to enter uterus.
take 7-10 days to complete process of implantation.
zygote (ferttilize ovum) - ans 12-14 days after fertilization.
from he time ovum (egg) is fertilized until it is implanted in the uterus.
ovum - ans egg
embryo - ans 15 days to 8 weeks after fertilization
most vulnerable to teratogens (viruses, drugs, radiation or infections) that can cause
major congenial anomalies.
Teratogens - ans viruses, drugs, radiation or infections
fetus - ans 9 months from fertilization (38+ weeks)
fewer anomalies influenced by teratogen during the fetal.
determining pregnancy length (due dates) - ans it is counted from the first day of LMP
1. 280 days
2. 40 weeks
3. 10 lunar months (perfect 28-day months)
4. 9 calendar months
how long is the first trimester? - ans first day of LMP through 13 weeks
How long is the second trimester? - ans 14-26 weeks
How long is the third trimester? - ans 27-40 weeks
fetal development: 8 WEEKS PREGNANT - ans - rapid development
- major divisions of brain discernible
- heart begins to pump blood
- facial features discernible
, - limb buds are well developed
- ears develop from skin folds
- tiny muscles form beneath the skin embryo
- fetus weighs 2g
maternal changes: 8 WEEKS PREGNANT - ans - nausea may persist up to 12 weeks
- uterus changes from pear too globular shape
- hegar sign (softening of the isthmus of the cervix)
- Goodell sign (softening of the cervix)
- cervix flexes
- leukorrhea increases
- ambivalence about pregnancy may occur
- no noticeable weight gain
- Chadwick sign (bluish discoloration of the vagina, as early as 4 weeks)
Hegar's sign - ans Uterine softening
Goddell's sign - ans softening of the cervix
Chadwick's sign - ans bluish discoloration of the vagina
nursing interventions: 8 WEEKS PREGNANT - ans - dry crackers before getting out
of bed in the morning
- small, frequent meals.
-avoid fatty foods.
-avoid skipping meals.
-no hot tubs, saunas, or steam rooms
-reinforce prenatal nutrition guidelines
-discuss attitude toward pregnancy
-discuss the value of early pregnancy classes that focuses on what to expect during
pregnancy.
-reinforce information about childbirth preparation classes
-include father/family in prep for child birh
why should pregnancy women avoid hot tubs, saunas or steam rooms? - ans it
increases risk of neural tube defects in the 1st trimester.
hypotension may cause fainting.
fetal development: 12 WEEKS PREGNANT - ans -embryo becomes fetus
-heart discernible by ultrasound
-lower body develops
-sex determinable
-kidneys produce urine
-fetus weighs 19-28g (less than 1 oz)
maternal changes: 12 WEEKS PREGNANT - ans -uterus rises above pelvic brim
