University of Santo Tomas
Faculty of Pharmacy, BS Pharmacy Batch 2027
PHA611: Pharmaceutical Botany with Taxonomy (Laboratory)
Exercise 7: Arbitrary • Woody, green, scale/needle foliage
• Seed is not enclosed inside an ovary
Classification of Plants • E.g. sago palm, giant sequoia tree, pine trees, gingko,
ARBITRARY/ARTIFICIAL CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS cycads
• Based on observable plant characteristics
• Cannot classify all plants Angiosperms
• Not universally applicable • Flowering plants
• Used only for easy and simple classification • Seed within ovaries
• Less time-consuming • Largest group
• E.g. trees, herbs, shrubs, bulbs, parasitic plants
MAJOR CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO HABIT/FORM
Non-vascular plants
Tree
• Height of >5 m
Land Plants
• Woody main trunk or stem
• Could live for several years
Non-vascular Vascular
plants plants
Shrub
• Height of <5 m
Bryophytes Pteridophytes Gymnosperms • Short main trunk or stem with numerous lateral
branches
• Could live for several years
Angiosperms
Herb
Bryophytes • Little or no woody tissue
• Some have water-conducting tubes • Soft stems
• Lack leaves, stems, and roots • E.g. oregano (Origanum vulgare), basil (Ocimum
• Usually found near bodies of water (e.g. riverbanks) or basilicum), celery (Apium graveolens)
places with lots of moisture
• E.g. mosses, liverworts, hornworts Vine
• Climbing or training or trailing stem
Vascular plants • Herbaceous vine or woody vine
Pteridophytes Liana
• Lycophytes, horsetails, whisker ferns • Woody climbing or trailing stems
• Seedless; spores reproduction • Long, flexible climbing stems that are rooted in the
• Embryo nourished by parent cell ground
• E.g. floating water moss (Salvinia natans) • Long, dangling branches
• Usually found in tropical rainforests
Gymnosperms • E.g. grapevine
• Male and female conifers
o Female conifers are larger than male conifers CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO LIFESPAN
1|P a g e
LIANRPh
Faculty of Pharmacy, BS Pharmacy Batch 2027
PHA611: Pharmaceutical Botany with Taxonomy (Laboratory)
Exercise 7: Arbitrary • Woody, green, scale/needle foliage
• Seed is not enclosed inside an ovary
Classification of Plants • E.g. sago palm, giant sequoia tree, pine trees, gingko,
ARBITRARY/ARTIFICIAL CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS cycads
• Based on observable plant characteristics
• Cannot classify all plants Angiosperms
• Not universally applicable • Flowering plants
• Used only for easy and simple classification • Seed within ovaries
• Less time-consuming • Largest group
• E.g. trees, herbs, shrubs, bulbs, parasitic plants
MAJOR CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO HABIT/FORM
Non-vascular plants
Tree
• Height of >5 m
Land Plants
• Woody main trunk or stem
• Could live for several years
Non-vascular Vascular
plants plants
Shrub
• Height of <5 m
Bryophytes Pteridophytes Gymnosperms • Short main trunk or stem with numerous lateral
branches
• Could live for several years
Angiosperms
Herb
Bryophytes • Little or no woody tissue
• Some have water-conducting tubes • Soft stems
• Lack leaves, stems, and roots • E.g. oregano (Origanum vulgare), basil (Ocimum
• Usually found near bodies of water (e.g. riverbanks) or basilicum), celery (Apium graveolens)
places with lots of moisture
• E.g. mosses, liverworts, hornworts Vine
• Climbing or training or trailing stem
Vascular plants • Herbaceous vine or woody vine
Pteridophytes Liana
• Lycophytes, horsetails, whisker ferns • Woody climbing or trailing stems
• Seedless; spores reproduction • Long, flexible climbing stems that are rooted in the
• Embryo nourished by parent cell ground
• E.g. floating water moss (Salvinia natans) • Long, dangling branches
• Usually found in tropical rainforests
Gymnosperms • E.g. grapevine
• Male and female conifers
o Female conifers are larger than male conifers CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO LIFESPAN
1|P a g e
LIANRPh
