Chapter 16: Anesthetic Drugs Introductory Clinical Pharmacology 12th Edition by Susan M Ford

Introductory Clinical Pharmacology 12th Edition by Susan M Ford 1. The nurse is assessing a client in the PACU following surgery. The nurse notes the client received an anesthetic agent via a special vaporizer to prevent which reaction? a. Gastric upset b. Respiratory tract irritation c. Cardiac dysrhythmias d. Hypoxemia Answer: B Rationale: Desflurane is a volatile liquid that must be administered with a special vaporizer because delivery to the client without a vaporizer can result in irritation of the client's respiratory tract. It is the only agent which must use this special vaporizer. Some anesthetics will cause gastric upset and some preanesthetic agents are used to prevent this. Fentanyl can cause cardiac dysrhythmias and nitrous oxide can lead to hypoxemia. However, none of these agents require the vaporizer. Question Format: Multiple Choice Chapter: 16 Learning Objective: 3 Cognitive Level: Understand Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies Integrated Process: Clinical Problem-solving Process (Nursing Process) Reference: p. 211, Gases and Volatile Liquids 2. A nurse working in an outpatient surgical setting may see which general anesthetic agent administered via inhalation? a. Sevoflurane b. Desflurane c. Isoflurane d. Propofol Answer: A Rationale: A nurse working in an outpatient surgical setting may see sevoflurane used in outpatient general anesthesia. Propofol is used for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Desflurane and isoflurane are volatile liquids which are also used for anesthesia. Question Format: Multiple Choice Chapter: 16 Learning Objective: 3 Cognitive Level: Understand Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies Integrated Process: Clinical Problem-solving Process (Nursing Process) Reference: p. 211, Gases and Volatile Liquids 3. The nurse is preparing a client for minor surgery in the lower extremity. The nurse will explain to the client that regional anesthesia will be used for the procedure and placed in which location in the body? a. In the veins b. In the arteries c. In the nerves d. In the capillaries Answer: C Rationale: Regional anesthesia involves injection around the client's nerves. Doing so prevents these nerves from sending pain signals to the brain. Regional anesthesia is never injected into the veins, arteries, or capillaries. General anesthesia can be injected in the veins. Question Format: Multiple Choice Chapter: 16 Learning Objective: 1 Cognitive Level: Apply Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies Integrated Process: Clinical Problem-solving Process (Nursing Process) Reference: p. 207, Regional Anesthesia 4. A client admitted to a local health care facility is to undergo surgery with spinal anesthesia. Which actions is the nurse most likely to assess when caring for this client? a. Moderate muscle relaxation b. Loss of feeling in the lower abdomen c. Hypotension as anesthesia deepens d. Increase in the client's heart rate Answer: B Rationale: Spinal anesthesia involves the injection of a local anesthetic drug into the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord. There is a loss of feeling (anesthesia) and movement in the lower extremities, lower abdomen, and perineum. Spinal anesthesia is not known to increase a client's heart rate. Spinal anesthesia also does not cause hypotension or moderate muscle relaxation. Sevoflurane may be responsible for hypotension. In general anesthesia, the medications will decrease the heart rate. Question Format: Multiple Choice Chapter: 16 Learning Objective: 3 Cognitive Level: Apply Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological Therapies Integrated Process: Clinical Problem-solving Process (Nursing Process) Reference: p. 208, Spinal Anesthesia 5. The nurse prepares to teach a client about methohexital. The nurse will explain to the client this drug will have which effect?