ATI NR 293 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST GRADED A+

• A nurse is caring for a client who has developed gout. Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer? a. Zolpidem b. Alprazolam c. Spironolacto d. • . A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes insipidus and is receiving vasopressin. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication that the medication is effective? a. A decrease in blood sugar b. A decrease in blood pressure c. i. Rationale: The major manifestations of diabetes insipidus are excessive urination and extreme thirst. Vasopressin is used to control frequent urination, increased thirst, and loss of water associated with diabetes insipidus. A decreased urine output is the desired response. d. A decrease in specific gravity • Schizophrenic on fluphenazine side effects a. Look up teaching too • A nurse on a medical unit is planning care for an older adult client who takes several medications. Which of the following prescribed medications places the client at risk for orthostatic hypotension? (Select all that apply.) a. Furosemide b. Telmisartan c. Duloxetine d. Clopidogrel e. Atorvastatin • A nurse is reviewing the health history for a client who has angina pectoris and a prescription for propranolol hydrochloride PO 40 mg twice daily. Which of the following findings in the history should the nurse report to the provider? a. The client has a history of hypothyroidism. b. The client has a history of bronchial asthma. i. Rationale: Beta-adrenergic blockers can cause bronchospasm in clients who have bronchial asthma; therefore, this is a contraindication to its use and should be reported to the provider. c. The client has a history of hypertension. d. The client has a history of migraine headaches. • Ophthalmic ointment for pre-k age child w pink eye, what should nurse include in instructions a. Discard first few drops • Pt is on coumadin what would make you think they need further instruction a. Ginseng • A nurse is teaching a client about the adverse effects of cisplatin. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include in the teaching? a. Tinnitus b. Constipation c. Hyperkalemia d. Weight gain • nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing severe nausea and vomiting after a course of chemotherapy. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following clinical manifestations? a. Metabolic acidosis b. Metabolic alkalosis i. Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis can occur in clients who have excessive vomiting because of the loss of hydrochloric acid. c. Respiratory acidosis d. Respiratory alkalosis • A nurse is completing a medical interview with a client who has elevated cholesterol levels and takes warfarin. The nurse should recognize that which of the following actions by the client can potentiate the effects of warfarin? a. The client follows a low-fat diet to reduce cholesterol. b. The client drinks a glass of grapefruit juice every day. c. The client sprinkles flax seeds on food 1 hr before taking the anticoagulant. d. The client uses garlic to lower cholesterol levels. i. Rationale: The nurse should recognize that garlic can potentiate the action of the warfarin. • A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for ferrous sulfate tablets twice daily for iron-deficiency anemia. The client asks the nurse why the provider instructed that she take the ferrous sulfate between meals. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? a. "Taking the medication between meals will help you avoid becoming constipated." b. "Taking the medication with food increases the risk of esophagitis." c. "Taking the medication between meals will help you absorb the medication more efficiently." i. Ferrous sulfate provides the iron needed by the body to produce red blood cells. Taking iron supplements between meals helps to increase the bioavailability of the iron. d. "The medication can cause nausea if taken with food." • Status asmaticus a. Severe acute asthma attack --give SABA • A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? a. Mild nosebleeds are common during initial treatment. b. Use an electric razor while on this medication. i. Rationale: Warfarin, an anticoagulant, increases the client’s risk for bleeding. The nurse should teach the client safety measures, such as using an electric razor, to decrease the risk for injury and bleeding. c. If a dose of the medication is missed, double the dose at the next scheduled time. d. Increase fiber intake to reduce the adverse effect of constipation. • A nurse is preparing to initiate a transfusion of packed RBC for a client who has anemia. Which of the following actions should the plan to nurse take? a. Leave the client 5 min after beginning the transfusion. b. Infuse the transfusion at a rate of 200 mL/hr c. Check the client's vital signs every hour during the transfusion. d. Flush the blood tubing with dextrose 5% in water. • A charge nurse is supervising a newly licensed nurse care for a client who is receiving a transfusion of packed RBC. The nurse suspects a possible hemolytic reaction. After stopping the blood transfusion, which of the following actions by the new nurse requires intervention by the charge nurse? a. The nurse initiates an infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride. b. The nurse collects a urine specimen. c. The nurse sends a blood specimen to the laboratory. d. The nurse starts the transfusion of another unit of blood product. i. When suspecting a hemolytic reaction, the nurse should immediately stop the transfusion of all blood products. The transfusion of additional products can increase the client's risk for further complication. • Calcium supplement for osteoporosis--why would they have flank pain • A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a client who has cirrhosis. The client states, "I don't need this medication. I am not constipated." The nurse should explain that in clients who have cirrhosis, lactulose is used to decrease levels of which of the following components in the bloodstream? a. Glucose b. Ammonia i. Rationale: Lactulose, a disaccharide, is a sugar that works as an osmotic diuretic. It prevents absorption of ammonia in the