NES Elementary Science Subtest 2 Revised.

Homeostasis. - answerthe ability to maintain a state of internal balance. For example, if the environmental temperature increases, the human body begins to perspire, and the cooling effect of evaporation decreases the surface temperature of the skin. Likewise, a disruption in any system will set off a diverse set of control mechanisms that return the organism to a state of internal balance. Energy - answerEvery living thing produces/acquires in order to exist, grow, and reproduce autotrophic organisms - answerharness energy from sunlight to produce glucose (energy) heterotrophic organisms - answereat plants or other animals to get energy Organelles - answerSmaller structures which are specialized to fulfill specific functions within the cell. Mitochondria - answerbreak down glucose to provide energy to the cell. Human four basic types of tissues: - answerconnective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve. epithelium - answermembranous tissue covering internal organs The Human body has _____ organ systems - answerThe Human body has 11 organ systems—circulatory, digestive, endocrine, excretory, immune, integumentary, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, and skeletal. Vascular plants; they have a system of tubes (_____ _____ _____) that are used to transport nutrients and water. - answerxylem and phloem (think arteries and veins) Chlorophyll - answercaptures the light from the Sun; found in chloroplast The chemical formula for photosynthesis is: - answer6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen Linnaean taxonomic system - answerused by taxonomists in honor of Swedish biologist Carolus Linnaeus (), founder of the modern system of biological classification. Eukaryotes. - answerAll organisms with cells that have true nuclei and membrane-bound organelles. Four kingdoms—animals, plants, protists, and fungi—fit into this domain. Prokaryotes. - answerhave neither nuclei nor organelles with membranes. True bacteria fit in this domain. Archaea. - answermicroorganisms similar to bacteria in form; found in extreme environments ie) acidic conditions, boiling hot springs, deep ocean vents, or polar ice. Hierarchy of taxonomic ranks: - answerKingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Heredity - answerthe transmission of characteristics carried by the genetic code from one generation to the next. Genes - answerChromosomes contain the genes that carry hereditary information from one generation to the next. Each chromosome contains many genes. Eukaryote organism chromosomes and their genes are found in the nucleus surrounded by its own membrane. Bacteria, no nucleus present; chromosomes are found in the cytoplasm of the cell. The other _____ pairs are called somatic chromosomes because their genes produce proteins for building the body rather than determining gender. - answer22 A simple food chain might look like this: - answersun → grass → grasshopper → toad → snake → hawk → bacteria of decay Commensalism. - answerMembers of different species live together, 1 member benefits; The commensal organism may depend on its host for food, shelter, support, or transportation. Mutualism. - answerMembers of 2 different species associate; ie)plant & bees . ovules fertilized & food (nectar or pollen) Parasitism. - answer1 species benefits to the detriment of the other ie)lamprey, attach to other fish and suck their body fluids. Quark - answerthe most fundamental particle of matter Compounds - answer2+ elements bonded together through chemical change. Law of Conservation of Matter - answermatter can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction Newton's First Law. - answeran object at rest will remain at rest; a body moving with a constant speed in a straight line will maintain its motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced external force (friction) Newton's Second Law. - answNES Elementary Science Subtest 2 Revised.