MTLE Pedagogy Subtest 1 Elementary Exam.

MMoral Development Stages -answer Created by Selmon 1. Undifferentiated: sees their perspective as everyones perspective 2. Social-informational: Realizes different perspectives (theirs in the best) 3. Self-reflective: sees, thinks and feels others perspectives (empathy) 4. 3rd party: keep multiple perspectives in mind tal: bystanders are influenced by societal and cultural context and different societies have different perspectives Abstract Thinking -answer Using numbers or letter variables in equations 13x = y Later Childhood -answer 9-12 years old -complete multi-step instructions without reminders (3-5 step directions) -negotiates and expresses wants and needs rationally -writes paragraphs, socializes, solve math problems with decimals Symbolic/ Representational Stage -answer Drawing pictures or symbols to represent numbers in an equation Emotional Development -answer Processing and understanding feelings Adolescence -answer Early: start to pull away from family and look to peers for guidance and support Mid: peers are a big influence and demand conformity -rely more on peers and less on family Late: individuality is accepted and peer relationships loose intensity Physical Development -answer Development of the body and coordinated movement Early Childhood (3-5 years) -answer -grows rapidly - develop fine motor skills, -cannot take on others perspectives -strong ideas about gender -rigid thinking -asks questions and tells stories -expresses feelings, follows 3-step command and copies basic shapes Early Childhood (5-8 years) -answer -growth slows -fine and gross motor skills refined -empathy -nuance -express opinions and hold detailed conversations -focus on a task for 15 min RTI Process -answer Response to Intervention -help struggling students in a particular area -all teachers use interventions when working with the student Critical Thinking -answer Analysis or judgement -experiment -important part of a word problem -flowchart Reasoning and Planning -answer Solving problems and making decisions -model -method -game Social Development -answer Interactions with people and the environment Memory/Recall -answer Looking from a new perspective -brainstorm -debate Cognitive Development -answer Thinking/learning Concrete Representations -answer Using physical pieces to represent math problems -manipulatives Social Learning Theory -answer Children learn by observing others behaviors and imitating them Schema -answer Organized way of viewing the world -use this organization to incorporate new knowledge -mental constructs Optical Character Recognition (OCR) -answer Convert printed text to digital, which can be read aloud -accommodation for dyslexia Modifications -answer -changes in WHAT they learn -changes to curriculum to allow students access to the material at their level Ex: learn only capitals and periods rather than all grammar Accommodations -answer -changes to HOW they learn -learn same material as peers -Ex. Extended time IEP -answer Individualized education program. The IEP identifies the child's educational levels, learning strengths and needs, annual goals and objectives, specially designed instruction and the special education and related services necessary to support the child's learning and development. IDEA -answer Individuals with Disabilities Education Act -students will disabilities must receive a free and appropriate education (FERPA) tailored to their needs and abilities Inclusion -answer -students with disabilities are included in class activities as much as possible Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) -answer -classroom setting where the child can be successful without accommodations and be with typical grade level peers -general education classroom Proximodistal Principle -answer -development of the body begins with the trunk and works outwards toward the limbs, finishing with the fingers/toes Cephalocaudal Principle -answer Development of the body begins with the head and works down to the toes Spectator Play -answer -2-2.5yrs -watching others play Triarchic Theory of Intelligence -answer -multiple factor view of intelligence in 3 areas 1. Analytics: problem solving 2. Creativity: apply prior knowledge to new situations 3. Practical: adapt to new enviornments Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development -answer 1. Sensorimotor (0-2yrs) object permanence 2. Preoperational (2-7yrs) egocentric -hands-on/direct instruction 3. Concrete operational (1st-teen) abstract -inductive reasoning, empathize -cooperative learning 4. Formal operational (12+yrs) inductive & deductive reasoning -abstract thinking and complex problems Learning Theory -answer How people learn and incorporate new info into their schema Inductive Reasoning -answer Able to decide if a conclusion is correct or incorrect based on evidence (bottom-up) specific to general Multiple Factor View of Intelligence -answer -Thurston -7 primary mental abilities 1. Special visualization 2. Verbal comprehension 3. Reasoning 4. Perceptual seed 5. Numeric ability 6. Word fluency 7. Associative memory Theory of General Intelligence -answer -Charles Spearman -intelligence is a cognitive ability that can be measured and expressed -g factor Parallel Play -answer 2.5-3yrs -playing a similar activity alongside a peer without interaction Cognitivism -answer Learn new behaviors by connecting current and new knowledge -children construct their own learning -learning fractions by slicing a cake into equal parts -grouping new info into categories -illustrating the concepts Associate Play -answer 3-4yrs TLE Pedagogy Subtest 1 Elementary Exam.