SPLE

‫اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﮭﻤﺔ‬

Galliazi fracture : is fracture of radius with sublaxation of ulna
Montagia fracture : is fracture of ulna with sublaxation of radius
March fracture : is fracture of metatarsal bones due to long standing ( stress Fracture )
pulmonary ventilation : exchange between atmospheric air and lung air
inspiratory capacity : the volume of gas that can be taken into the lungs in a full
inhalation
total lung capacity : the amount of gas contained in the lung at the end of a maximal
inhalation
vital capacity : the maximal volume of gas that can be exhaled from full inhalation
tidal volume : the volume of gas inhaled and exhaled during one respiratory cycle
residual volume : the amount of gas remaining in the lung at the end of a maximal
exhalation
stroke volume : the volume of blood ejected from a ventricle at each beat of the heart,
equal to the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume.
end-diastolic volume(EDV) : the volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of
diastole, usually about 120–130 mL but sometimes reaching 200–250 mL in the normal
heart
end-systolic volume(ESV) : the volume of blood remaining in each ventricle at the end
of systole, usually about 50–60 mL but sometimes as little as10–30 mL in the normal
heart.
Smith amputation level : above ankle joint
idiopathic sclerosis  lateral curvature of thoracic spine
extrafusal ms fiber innervated by  Alfa motor neuron
intrafusal ms fiber innervated by  Gamma motor neuron
Milwaukee brace  used in scoliosis of thoracic spine
Boston brace  used in scoliosis of lumbar spine

, ‫ ﺣﺎﺟﺎت ﻣﮭﻤﮫ ﻓﻲ‬PNF
1- D1 flexion diagonal  prepare pt for gait
2- D2 flexion  parkinsonism
3- D2 flexion  rotator cuff, impingement, supraspinatous tendinitis
4- D2extention  pitcher ‫ﻻﻋب اﻟﺳﻠﮫ‬
5- Rhythmic initiation  parkinsonism
6- Rhythmic stablization  increase stability ( Attaxia )


US ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎت ﻣﮭﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
** Pulsed us has no thermal effect
** continous has thermal effect (heat)
** frequency has reverse relation with distance so 1MHz is deeper than 3 MHz
so to HEAT a DEEP muscle use continous 1 MHz

Heart layers

The epicardium  is a thin layer of connective tissue and fat, and serves as an additional
layer of protection for the heart, under the pericardium.
The myocardium  is the muscle tissue of the heart, composed of cardiac muscle cells called
cardiomyocytes, which contract like other muscle cells, but also conduct electricity to
coordinate contraction.
The endocardium  is composed of endothelial cells which provide a smooth, non-adherent
surface for blood collection and pumping and may help regulate contractility.


Types of erb's palsy

Erb's child  hasn't MORO Reflex
Erb's palsy or Erb–Duchenne palsy  is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the
upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically the severing of the upper trunk C5–C6 nerves
Klumpke’s Palsy  involves C7 and T1. There is weakness of the wrist and finger flexors
and of the small muscles of the hand. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment for this type
of Erb’s palsy


Voluntary muscular contractions

Concentric contraction  the force generated is sufficient to overcome the resistance, and
the muscle shortens as it contracts. This is what most people think of as a muscle contraction
Eccentric contraction  the force generated is insufficient to overcome the external load
on the muscle and the muscle fibers lengthen as they contract. An eccentric contraction is used
as a means of decelerating a body part or object, or lowering a load gently rather than letting it
drop
Isometric contraction  the muscle remains the same length. An example would be
holding an object up without moving it; the muscular force precisely matches the load, and no
movement results
Isotonic contraction  the tension in the muscle remains constant despite a change in

, muscle length. This can occur only when a muscle's maximal force of contraction exceeds the
total load on the muscle
Isokinetic contraction  the muscle contraction velocity remains constant, while force is
allowed to vary. True isovelocity contractions are rare in the body, and are primarily an
analysis method used in experiments on isolated muscles that have been dissected out of the
organism



Rotator Cuff Muscles composing :
Muscle Origin on scapula Function Innervation
Suprascapular nerve
Supraspinatus muscle supraspinous fossa abducts the arm
(C5)
Suprascapular nerve
Infraspinatus muscle infraspinous fossa externally rotates the arm
(C5-C6)
middle half of lateral
Teres minor muscle externally rotates the arm Axillary nerve (C5)
border
internally rotates the
Subscapularis muscle subscapular fossa Upper and Lower
humerus



ROM of joint (typical normal value)



1\SHOULDER JNT
flx:0-165
ext:60
abd:0-180
int rot :70
ext rot :90

2\ELBOW JNT
flx :150
pron:75
sup:80

3\WRIST JNT
flx:80
ext:70
ulnar deviation:30
radil deviation:20

4|HIP JNT
flx:120
ext:10-20
abd+int rotation +ext rot = 45
add:25

, 5\KNEE
flx :135
ext:0-5
int rot :30
ext rot :40

5\ANKLE
dosi flx:20-30
plantr flx: 50

Myotome distributions of the upper and lower extremity


C1/C2  neck flexion/extension
C3  neck lateral flexion
C4  shoulder elevation
C5  shoulder abduction
C6  elbow flexion/wrist extension
C7  elbow extension/wrist flexion
C8  thumb extension
T1  finger abduction
L2  hip flexion
L3  knee extension
L4  ankle dorsi-flexion
L5  great toe extension
S1  ankle plantar-flexion/ankle eversion/hip extension
S2  knee flexion
S3–S4  anal wink



Loose, Close and Capsular Position for all joints




What is the loose packed position of the glenohumeral joint?
55 degrees abduction, 30 degrees horizontal adduction

What is the close packed position of the glenohumeral joint?
abduction and external rotation

What is the capsular pattern of the glenohumeral joint?
external rotation, abduction, and internal rotation

What is the loose packed position of the sternoclavicular joint?
arm resting by the side