Prepare for your test with
1. Question
Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Mrs. Chua, a 78-year-old client, is admitted with the diagnosis of mild
chronic heart failure. The nurse expects to hear when listening to client’s
lungs indicative of chronic heart failure would be:
o A. Stridor
o B. Crackles
o C. Wheezes
o D. Friction rubs
Correct Answer: B. Crackles
,Left-sided heart failure causes fluid accumulation in the capillary network of
the lung. Fluid eventually enters alveolar spaces and causes crackling sounds
at the end of inspiration. Pulmonary edema may cause crackling sounds in
the lungs. People with congestive heart failure (CHF) often have pulmonary
edema. CHF occurs when the heart cannot pump blood effectively. This
results in a backup of blood, which increases blood pressure and causes fluid
to collect in the air sacs in the lungs.
• Option A: Stridor may result from lesions involving the central
nervous system (CNS), the cardiovascular system, the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract, or the respiratory tract. When air
passes through a narrowed flexible airway in a child, the lateral
pressure that holds the airway open can drop precipitously (the
Bernoulli principle) and cause the tube to close. This process
obstructs airflow and produces stridor.
• Option C: The most common causes of wheezing are asthma
and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which both
cause narrowing and spasms (bronchospasms) in the small
airways of the lungs. However, any inflammation in the throat
or larger airways can cause wheezing. Common causes include
, infection, an allergic reaction or a physical obstruction, such as
a tumor or a foreign object that’s been inhaled.
• Option D: A pericardial friction rub is pathognomonic for
acute pericarditis; the rub has a scratching, grating sound
similar to leather rubbing against leather. Serial examinations
may be necessary for detection, as a friction rub may be
transient from one hour to the next and is present in
approximately 50% of cases.
2. Question
Category: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
Patrick who is hospitalized following a myocardial infarction asks the nurse
why he is taking morphine. The nurse explains that morphine:
o A. Decrease anxiety and restlessness
o B. Prevents shock and relieves pain
o C. Dilates coronary blood vessels
o D. Helps prevent fibrillation of the heart
Correct Answer: B. Prevents shock and relieves pain
, Morphine is a central nervous system depressant used to relieve the pain
associated with myocardial infarction, it also decreases apprehension and
prevents cardiogenic shock. FDA-approved usage of morphine sulfate
includes moderate to severe pain that may be acute or chronic. Most
commonly used in pain management, morphine provides major relief to
patients afflicted with pain.
• Option A: Benzodiazepines decrease anxiety and restlessness.
Indications for benzodiazepine administration include, but are
not limited to, anxiety disorders, insomnia, acute status
epilepticus, induction of amnesia, spastic disorders, seizure
disorders, and agitation.
• Option C: Calcium channel blockers, such as nitroglycerin,
dilate large coronary blood vessels. The dihydropyridines, in
therapeutic dosing, have a little direct effect on the
myocardium, and instead, are more often peripheral
vasodilators, which is why they are useful for hypertension,
post-intracranial hemorrhage associated vasospasm, and
migraines.
• Option D: Antiplatelets and anticoagulants help prevent atrial
fibrillation by preventing blood clot formation. Antiplatelet
1. Question
Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Mrs. Chua, a 78-year-old client, is admitted with the diagnosis of mild
chronic heart failure. The nurse expects to hear when listening to client’s
lungs indicative of chronic heart failure would be:
o A. Stridor
o B. Crackles
o C. Wheezes
o D. Friction rubs
Correct Answer: B. Crackles
,Left-sided heart failure causes fluid accumulation in the capillary network of
the lung. Fluid eventually enters alveolar spaces and causes crackling sounds
at the end of inspiration. Pulmonary edema may cause crackling sounds in
the lungs. People with congestive heart failure (CHF) often have pulmonary
edema. CHF occurs when the heart cannot pump blood effectively. This
results in a backup of blood, which increases blood pressure and causes fluid
to collect in the air sacs in the lungs.
• Option A: Stridor may result from lesions involving the central
nervous system (CNS), the cardiovascular system, the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract, or the respiratory tract. When air
passes through a narrowed flexible airway in a child, the lateral
pressure that holds the airway open can drop precipitously (the
Bernoulli principle) and cause the tube to close. This process
obstructs airflow and produces stridor.
• Option C: The most common causes of wheezing are asthma
and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which both
cause narrowing and spasms (bronchospasms) in the small
airways of the lungs. However, any inflammation in the throat
or larger airways can cause wheezing. Common causes include
, infection, an allergic reaction or a physical obstruction, such as
a tumor or a foreign object that’s been inhaled.
• Option D: A pericardial friction rub is pathognomonic for
acute pericarditis; the rub has a scratching, grating sound
similar to leather rubbing against leather. Serial examinations
may be necessary for detection, as a friction rub may be
transient from one hour to the next and is present in
approximately 50% of cases.
2. Question
Category: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
Patrick who is hospitalized following a myocardial infarction asks the nurse
why he is taking morphine. The nurse explains that morphine:
o A. Decrease anxiety and restlessness
o B. Prevents shock and relieves pain
o C. Dilates coronary blood vessels
o D. Helps prevent fibrillation of the heart
Correct Answer: B. Prevents shock and relieves pain
, Morphine is a central nervous system depressant used to relieve the pain
associated with myocardial infarction, it also decreases apprehension and
prevents cardiogenic shock. FDA-approved usage of morphine sulfate
includes moderate to severe pain that may be acute or chronic. Most
commonly used in pain management, morphine provides major relief to
patients afflicted with pain.
• Option A: Benzodiazepines decrease anxiety and restlessness.
Indications for benzodiazepine administration include, but are
not limited to, anxiety disorders, insomnia, acute status
epilepticus, induction of amnesia, spastic disorders, seizure
disorders, and agitation.
• Option C: Calcium channel blockers, such as nitroglycerin,
dilate large coronary blood vessels. The dihydropyridines, in
therapeutic dosing, have a little direct effect on the
myocardium, and instead, are more often peripheral
vasodilators, which is why they are useful for hypertension,
post-intracranial hemorrhage associated vasospasm, and
migraines.
• Option D: Antiplatelets and anticoagulants help prevent atrial
fibrillation by preventing blood clot formation. Antiplatelet
