Prepare for your test with
1. Question
Category: Physiological Adaptation
During a routine checkup, Nurse Marianne assesses a male client with acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for signs and symptoms of cancer. What is
the most common AIDS-related cancer?
A. Squamous cell carcinoma
B. Multiple myeloma
C. Leukemia
D. Kaposi’s sarcoma
Correct Answer: D. Kaposi’s sarcoma
,Kaposi’s sarcoma is the most common cancer associated with AIDS.
Option A: It is suggested that the immune-suppression results in co-infection with
the papilloma virus. The immunosuppression causes reduction in the effectiveness
of the immune surveillance system resulting in growth of the tumor.
Option B: Multiple myeloma is a very uncommon neoplasm complicating HIV
infection but when it occurs, it is associated with an aggressive course and a worse
prognosis.
Option C: Untreated HIV infection causes AIDS and this major impairment in the
immune system is associated with an increased risk of cancer, including a number
of “solid tumor” cancers and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but also Hodgkin
lymphoma, myeloma, and leukemia.
2. Question
Category: Reduction of Risk Potential
Ricardo is scheduled for a prostatectomy, and the anesthesiologist plans to use a
spinal (subarachnoid) block during surgery. In the operating room, the nurse
positions the client according to the anesthesiologist’s instructions. Why does the
client require special positioning for this type of anesthesia?
A. To prevent confusion.
,B. To prevent seizures.
C. To prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage.
D. To prevent cardiac arrhythmias.
Correct Answer: C. To prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage
The client receiving a subarachnoid block requires special positioning to prevent
CSF leakage and headache and to ensure proper anesthetic distribution.
Option A: Anesthetics are well known to cause confusion, but this typically
decreases as the body processes the medications and removes them from
circulation.
Option B: Generalized seizure as a complication following epidural anesthesia has
been reported, but rarely following spinal anesthesia.
Option D: The incidence of arrhythmias, as well as hypotension during spinal
anesthesia, is higher for Cesarean section mostly.
3. Question
Category: Physiological Adaptation
A male client had a nephrectomy 2 days ago and is now complaining of abdominal
pressure and nausea. The first nursing action should be to:
, A. Auscultate bowel sounds.
B. Palpate the abdomen.
C. Change the client’s position.
D. Insert a rectal tube.
Correct Answer: A. Auscultate bowel sounds.
If abdominal distention is accompanied by nausea, the nurse must first auscultate
bowel sounds. If bowel sounds are absent, the nurse should suspect gastric or small
intestine dilation and these findings must be reported to the physician.
Option B: Palpation is the examination of the abdomen for crepitus of the
abdominal wall, for any abdominal tenderness, or for abdominal masses. It may be
used to assess the client but this will not be the first choice following a
nephrectomy.
Option C: Changing positions would not diminish the client’s nausea and
abdominal pressure.
Option D: If peristalsis is absent, inserting a rectal tube won’t relieve the client’s
discomfort.
4. Question
1. Question
Category: Physiological Adaptation
During a routine checkup, Nurse Marianne assesses a male client with acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for signs and symptoms of cancer. What is
the most common AIDS-related cancer?
A. Squamous cell carcinoma
B. Multiple myeloma
C. Leukemia
D. Kaposi’s sarcoma
Correct Answer: D. Kaposi’s sarcoma
,Kaposi’s sarcoma is the most common cancer associated with AIDS.
Option A: It is suggested that the immune-suppression results in co-infection with
the papilloma virus. The immunosuppression causes reduction in the effectiveness
of the immune surveillance system resulting in growth of the tumor.
Option B: Multiple myeloma is a very uncommon neoplasm complicating HIV
infection but when it occurs, it is associated with an aggressive course and a worse
prognosis.
Option C: Untreated HIV infection causes AIDS and this major impairment in the
immune system is associated with an increased risk of cancer, including a number
of “solid tumor” cancers and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but also Hodgkin
lymphoma, myeloma, and leukemia.
2. Question
Category: Reduction of Risk Potential
Ricardo is scheduled for a prostatectomy, and the anesthesiologist plans to use a
spinal (subarachnoid) block during surgery. In the operating room, the nurse
positions the client according to the anesthesiologist’s instructions. Why does the
client require special positioning for this type of anesthesia?
A. To prevent confusion.
,B. To prevent seizures.
C. To prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage.
D. To prevent cardiac arrhythmias.
Correct Answer: C. To prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage
The client receiving a subarachnoid block requires special positioning to prevent
CSF leakage and headache and to ensure proper anesthetic distribution.
Option A: Anesthetics are well known to cause confusion, but this typically
decreases as the body processes the medications and removes them from
circulation.
Option B: Generalized seizure as a complication following epidural anesthesia has
been reported, but rarely following spinal anesthesia.
Option D: The incidence of arrhythmias, as well as hypotension during spinal
anesthesia, is higher for Cesarean section mostly.
3. Question
Category: Physiological Adaptation
A male client had a nephrectomy 2 days ago and is now complaining of abdominal
pressure and nausea. The first nursing action should be to:
, A. Auscultate bowel sounds.
B. Palpate the abdomen.
C. Change the client’s position.
D. Insert a rectal tube.
Correct Answer: A. Auscultate bowel sounds.
If abdominal distention is accompanied by nausea, the nurse must first auscultate
bowel sounds. If bowel sounds are absent, the nurse should suspect gastric or small
intestine dilation and these findings must be reported to the physician.
Option B: Palpation is the examination of the abdomen for crepitus of the
abdominal wall, for any abdominal tenderness, or for abdominal masses. It may be
used to assess the client but this will not be the first choice following a
nephrectomy.
Option C: Changing positions would not diminish the client’s nausea and
abdominal pressure.
Option D: If peristalsis is absent, inserting a rectal tube won’t relieve the client’s
discomfort.
4. Question
