1. Question
Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
A newly diagnosed 8-year-old child with type I diabetes mellitus and his mother
are receiving diabetes education prior to discharge. The physician has prescribed
Glucagon for emergency use. The mother asks the purpose of this medication.
Which of the following statements by the nurse is correct?
A. Glucagon enhances the effect of insulin in case the blood sugar remains high
one hour after injection.
B. Glucagon treats hypoglycemia resulting from insulin overdose.
C. Glucagon treats lipoatrophy from insulin injections.
D. Glucagon prolongs the effect of insulin, allowing fewer injections.
,Correct Answer: B. Glucagon treats hypoglycemia resulting from insulin overdose.
Glucagon is given to treat insulin overdose in an unresponsive patient. Patients
with decreased levels of consciousness cannot safely consume the oral
carbohydrates needed to raise their blood sugar without risk of aspiration, and
obtaining IV access can be problematic in the diabetic population, which can
prevent prompt administration of IV glucose.
2. Question
Category: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
An infant with congestive heart failure is receiving diuretic therapy at home.
Which of the following symptoms would indicate that the dosage may need to be
increased?
A. Sudden weight gain
B. Decreased blood pressure
C. Slow, shallow breathing
D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: A. Sudden weight gain
Weight gain is an early symptom of congestive heart failure due to accumulation of
fluid. Important among these are renal retention of fluid, renin-angiotensin
, mediated vasoconstriction and sympathetic overactivity. Excessive fluid retention
increases the cardiac output by increasing the end diastolic volume (preload), but
also results in symptoms of pulmonary and systemic congestion.
3. Question
Category: Physiological Adaptation
A patient arrives at the emergency department complaining of back pain. He
reports taking at least 3 acetaminophen tablets every three hours for the past week
without relief. Which of the following symptoms suggests acetaminophen toxicity?
A. Tinnitus
B. Diarrhea
C. Hypertension
D. Hepatic damage
Correct Answer: D. Hepatic damage
Acetaminophen in even moderately large doses can cause serious liver damage that
may result in death. Immediate evaluation of liver function is indicated with
consideration of N-acetylcysteine administration as an antidote. Acetaminophen is
rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and reaches therapeutic levels
in 30 minutes to 2 hours. Overdose levels peak at 4 hours unless other factors
Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance
A newly diagnosed 8-year-old child with type I diabetes mellitus and his mother
are receiving diabetes education prior to discharge. The physician has prescribed
Glucagon for emergency use. The mother asks the purpose of this medication.
Which of the following statements by the nurse is correct?
A. Glucagon enhances the effect of insulin in case the blood sugar remains high
one hour after injection.
B. Glucagon treats hypoglycemia resulting from insulin overdose.
C. Glucagon treats lipoatrophy from insulin injections.
D. Glucagon prolongs the effect of insulin, allowing fewer injections.
,Correct Answer: B. Glucagon treats hypoglycemia resulting from insulin overdose.
Glucagon is given to treat insulin overdose in an unresponsive patient. Patients
with decreased levels of consciousness cannot safely consume the oral
carbohydrates needed to raise their blood sugar without risk of aspiration, and
obtaining IV access can be problematic in the diabetic population, which can
prevent prompt administration of IV glucose.
2. Question
Category: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
An infant with congestive heart failure is receiving diuretic therapy at home.
Which of the following symptoms would indicate that the dosage may need to be
increased?
A. Sudden weight gain
B. Decreased blood pressure
C. Slow, shallow breathing
D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: A. Sudden weight gain
Weight gain is an early symptom of congestive heart failure due to accumulation of
fluid. Important among these are renal retention of fluid, renin-angiotensin
, mediated vasoconstriction and sympathetic overactivity. Excessive fluid retention
increases the cardiac output by increasing the end diastolic volume (preload), but
also results in symptoms of pulmonary and systemic congestion.
3. Question
Category: Physiological Adaptation
A patient arrives at the emergency department complaining of back pain. He
reports taking at least 3 acetaminophen tablets every three hours for the past week
without relief. Which of the following symptoms suggests acetaminophen toxicity?
A. Tinnitus
B. Diarrhea
C. Hypertension
D. Hepatic damage
Correct Answer: D. Hepatic damage
Acetaminophen in even moderately large doses can cause serious liver damage that
may result in death. Immediate evaluation of liver function is indicated with
consideration of N-acetylcysteine administration as an antidote. Acetaminophen is
rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and reaches therapeutic levels
in 30 minutes to 2 hours. Overdose levels peak at 4 hours unless other factors
