ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy/Immunotherapy
Lesson 11: Targeted Therapies/ 50 Questions and
Answers/Verified/100% Correct.
How targeted therapy and chemo differ - --targeted therapies act on specific molecular
targets on or within the cells that are associated with cancer, whereas standard chemo
act on all rapidly dividing cells-chemo has more SEs-targeted therapy ae chosen and
designed to interact with their target on or within the cells, whereas chemo were IDed
becaused they kill cells-targeted therapies are often cytostatic (they block tumor cell
proliferation) whereas chemo agents are cytotoxic (kill tumor cells)
-Goals of targeted therapy - --disease cure when used as primary or adjuvant therapy
-improving overall response or increase disease-free survival when used in combination
with conventional therapies
-controlling or stabilizing disease
-maintaining or enhancing quality of life
-decreasing the severity of toxicities from other therapies
-Ligand - -a substance that forms a complex with another biomolecule to exert a
biologic effect
-Ligand Binding - -process by which the ligand attaches to a specific receptor site and
activates that receptor, activating the signaling pathway
-Dimerization - -two monomers that are side-by-side on the surface of the cell are
paired and activated by a ligand, which causes a series of signals
-Kinase - -type of enzyme that adds chemicals called phosphates to other molecules
such as sugars or proteins causing other molecules in the cell to become either active or
inactive
, -phosphorylation - -activation of a chemical process to initiate signaling
-targeted therapies work by doing the following - -1. blocking angiogenesis
2. blocking signals inside or outside the cell
3. delivering toxic substances to the cell
4. stimulating the body's immune system
-BCR/ABL - --fusion protein tyrosine kinase formed with a gene translocation occurs
between gene 9 and 22-gene abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome seen in
CML and ALL
-VEGF - -this is the primary angiogenic factor produced by cells
-mTOR - --target of rapamycin-a protein that tells cells when to grow, divide, and
survive
-Two ways that angiogenesis inhibitors work - -1. some intergere with action of VEGF
which stimulates n ew blood vessel formation2. others target their molecules that
stimulate new blood vessel growth
-Small Molecule Compound Targeted Therapies - --end in -ib-targets located inside the
cell because these gents are able to enter cells more easily-intracellular-most given
orally
-Monoclonal Antibody Targeted Therapy - -- end in -mab-relatively large in size and
therefore usually cannot enter cells-extracellular or transmembrane-man made version
of antibodies that are designed to attack a very specific target on cancer cells-usually
from mice
-Targeted Therapy NCI definition - -a type of treatment that uses drugs or other
substances to identify/attack specific types of cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.
Some therapies block the action of certain enzymes, proteins, or other molecules in
Lesson 11: Targeted Therapies/ 50 Questions and
Answers/Verified/100% Correct.
How targeted therapy and chemo differ - --targeted therapies act on specific molecular
targets on or within the cells that are associated with cancer, whereas standard chemo
act on all rapidly dividing cells-chemo has more SEs-targeted therapy ae chosen and
designed to interact with their target on or within the cells, whereas chemo were IDed
becaused they kill cells-targeted therapies are often cytostatic (they block tumor cell
proliferation) whereas chemo agents are cytotoxic (kill tumor cells)
-Goals of targeted therapy - --disease cure when used as primary or adjuvant therapy
-improving overall response or increase disease-free survival when used in combination
with conventional therapies
-controlling or stabilizing disease
-maintaining or enhancing quality of life
-decreasing the severity of toxicities from other therapies
-Ligand - -a substance that forms a complex with another biomolecule to exert a
biologic effect
-Ligand Binding - -process by which the ligand attaches to a specific receptor site and
activates that receptor, activating the signaling pathway
-Dimerization - -two monomers that are side-by-side on the surface of the cell are
paired and activated by a ligand, which causes a series of signals
-Kinase - -type of enzyme that adds chemicals called phosphates to other molecules
such as sugars or proteins causing other molecules in the cell to become either active or
inactive
, -phosphorylation - -activation of a chemical process to initiate signaling
-targeted therapies work by doing the following - -1. blocking angiogenesis
2. blocking signals inside or outside the cell
3. delivering toxic substances to the cell
4. stimulating the body's immune system
-BCR/ABL - --fusion protein tyrosine kinase formed with a gene translocation occurs
between gene 9 and 22-gene abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome seen in
CML and ALL
-VEGF - -this is the primary angiogenic factor produced by cells
-mTOR - --target of rapamycin-a protein that tells cells when to grow, divide, and
survive
-Two ways that angiogenesis inhibitors work - -1. some intergere with action of VEGF
which stimulates n ew blood vessel formation2. others target their molecules that
stimulate new blood vessel growth
-Small Molecule Compound Targeted Therapies - --end in -ib-targets located inside the
cell because these gents are able to enter cells more easily-intracellular-most given
orally
-Monoclonal Antibody Targeted Therapy - -- end in -mab-relatively large in size and
therefore usually cannot enter cells-extracellular or transmembrane-man made version
of antibodies that are designed to attack a very specific target on cancer cells-usually
from mice
-Targeted Therapy NCI definition - -a type of treatment that uses drugs or other
substances to identify/attack specific types of cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.
Some therapies block the action of certain enzymes, proteins, or other molecules in
