Orthotics and Prosthetics Combined Written
Boards exam/ 499 Questions with Solved
Answers/ Summer 2023-2024
A. Knee extension - -a complete lesion of the femoral nerve as it leaves the lumbar
plexus affects what motion?
A. knee extension
B. hip adduction
c. hip extension
d. knee flexion
e. ankle plantarflexion
-the femoral nerve - -what is the largest nerve of the lumbar plexus?
-Iliopsoas - -what is the primary flexor of the hip?
-common peroneal nerve - -paralytic equinus during swing phase is often caused by
injury to what nerve?
-Equinus deformity - -toe is in a down position, dorsiflexion limitation of the ankle
-heel strike on one limb and a subsequent heel strike on the ipsilateral side - -what is a
cycle of gait defined as?
-C. Line of progression - -toe in or toe out is the relationship of the long axis of the foot
to the:
A. subtalar joint
B. ankle joint axis
C. line of progression
D. Knee axis
-subtalar joint - -what joint do the motions of inversion and eversion occur primarily
at?
-talus, tibia, fibula - -what bones make up the talocrural joint?
-dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
essentially a hinge type joint - -what motion occurs in the talocrural joint?
, -resist over-eversion of the foot - -what is the primary action of the medial ligament of
the ankle?
-resist over-inversion of the foot - -what is the primary action of the lateral ligament of
the ankle?
-tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus - -what muscles
produce dorsiflexion of the ankle?
-gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris and posterior tibialis - -what muscles produce
plantarflexion of the ankle?
-talus and calcaneus - -what bones form the subtalar joint? (aka talocalcaneal joint)
-talonavicular, calcaneocuboid - -what joints make up the midtarsal joint?
-the anterior talar head and the concavity on the navicular - -what makes up the
talonavicular joint?
-the anterior facet of the calcaneus and the posterior cuboid - -what makes up the
calcaneocuboid joint?
-midtarsal joints (talonavicular and calcaneocuboid) - -what are the Chopart joints?
-tarsometatarsal joints - -what are the Lisfranc joints?
-1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform - -what makes up the medial column of the
tarsometatarsal joints?
-2nd and 3rd metatarsal and intermediate and lateral cuneiforms - -what makes up the
middle column of the tarsometatarsal joints?
-4th and 5th metatarsals and the cuboid - -what makes up the lateral tarsometatarsal
joints?
-inversion and eversion, dorsiflexion an plantar flexion - -what motions are produced
at the subtalar joint?
-inversion and eversion. flexion and extension - -what motions are produced at the
midtarsal joint?
,-flexion and extension, abduction and adduction - -what motions are produced at the
metatarsalphalangeal joints?
-flexion and extension - -what motions are produced at the IP joints?
-D. shortened step length on contralateral side - -a complete lesion of the tibial nerve
on one leg will result in what gait deviations?
A. foot slap on ipsilateral side
B. gluteus medius limp on contralateral side
C. Shortened step length on ipsilateral side
D. shortened step length on contralateral side
-(posterior lower leg muscles)
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus,
flexor hallucis longus - -what muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve?
-cervical lateral flexion - -what is the C3 myotome
-shoulder elevation - -what is the C4 myotome
-shoulder abduction - -what is the C5 myotome
-elbow flexion, wrist extension - -what is the C6 myotome
-elbow extension, wrist flexion - -what is the C7 myotome
-thumb extension, finger flexion - -what is the C8 myotome
-finger abduction and adduction - -what is the T1 myotome
-hip flexion - -what is the L2 myotome
-knee extension - -what is the L3 myotome
-ankle DF - -what is the L4 myotome
-great toe extension - -what is the L5 myotome
-PF, eversion, hip extension - -what is the S1 myotome
-knee flexion, PF - -what is the S2 myotome
, -Scheuermann's Disease - -a developmental disorder of the spine
abnormal growth of the thoracic spine
anterior portion of the thoracic vertebrae do not develop as fast as the posterior portion
resulting in exaggerated kyphosis
-Blount's disease (osteochondrosis deformans tibiae) - --growth disorder of the tibia
-characterized by inward bowing of the lower leg that worsens over time
-tibia vara
-Leg-Calve-Perthes Disease - --avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral head
resulting from compromise of the tenuous blood supply to this area
-usually occurs in children aged 4-10 years old
-may occur after an injury to the hip
-typically unilateral
-Heel strike (initial contact) - -at which part of gait are the most number of muscles
active?
-B. lateral thigh distal to the GT, lateral aspect of the foot and the medial condyle of the
femur - -For correction of genu valgum, forces should be applied over the:
A. lateral condyle of the femur, lateral aspect of the foot and the head of the fibula
B. Lateral thigh distal to the GT, lateral aspect of the foot and medial condyle of the
femur
C. Anterior thigh poplitial fossa and dorsal surface of the foot
D. perineum, dial aspect of the foot and lateral condyle of the femur
E. medial condyle of the femur, medial aspect of the foot and the head of the tibia
-D. insure that the mechanical ankle axis coincides with the anatomical ankle axis in the
transverse plane - -the purpose of measuring external rotation of the ankle joint is to:
A. determine total amount of internal rotation of the tibia in a normal adult
B. allow for toe out
C. determine amount of anterior deflection of the lateral sidebar
D. insure that the mechanical ankle axis coincides with the anatomical ankle axis in the
transverse plane
D. insure that the medial and lateral mechanical ankle axes are parallel in the coronal
plane
-C. 10 degrees of varus or valgus, 20 degrees of anterior posterior angulation - -what is
the maximum acceptable malalignment of a tibial fracture that can be managed with an
off the shelf fracture orthosis?
Boards exam/ 499 Questions with Solved
Answers/ Summer 2023-2024
A. Knee extension - -a complete lesion of the femoral nerve as it leaves the lumbar
plexus affects what motion?
A. knee extension
B. hip adduction
c. hip extension
d. knee flexion
e. ankle plantarflexion
-the femoral nerve - -what is the largest nerve of the lumbar plexus?
-Iliopsoas - -what is the primary flexor of the hip?
-common peroneal nerve - -paralytic equinus during swing phase is often caused by
injury to what nerve?
-Equinus deformity - -toe is in a down position, dorsiflexion limitation of the ankle
-heel strike on one limb and a subsequent heel strike on the ipsilateral side - -what is a
cycle of gait defined as?
-C. Line of progression - -toe in or toe out is the relationship of the long axis of the foot
to the:
A. subtalar joint
B. ankle joint axis
C. line of progression
D. Knee axis
-subtalar joint - -what joint do the motions of inversion and eversion occur primarily
at?
-talus, tibia, fibula - -what bones make up the talocrural joint?
-dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
essentially a hinge type joint - -what motion occurs in the talocrural joint?
, -resist over-eversion of the foot - -what is the primary action of the medial ligament of
the ankle?
-resist over-inversion of the foot - -what is the primary action of the lateral ligament of
the ankle?
-tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus - -what muscles
produce dorsiflexion of the ankle?
-gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris and posterior tibialis - -what muscles produce
plantarflexion of the ankle?
-talus and calcaneus - -what bones form the subtalar joint? (aka talocalcaneal joint)
-talonavicular, calcaneocuboid - -what joints make up the midtarsal joint?
-the anterior talar head and the concavity on the navicular - -what makes up the
talonavicular joint?
-the anterior facet of the calcaneus and the posterior cuboid - -what makes up the
calcaneocuboid joint?
-midtarsal joints (talonavicular and calcaneocuboid) - -what are the Chopart joints?
-tarsometatarsal joints - -what are the Lisfranc joints?
-1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform - -what makes up the medial column of the
tarsometatarsal joints?
-2nd and 3rd metatarsal and intermediate and lateral cuneiforms - -what makes up the
middle column of the tarsometatarsal joints?
-4th and 5th metatarsals and the cuboid - -what makes up the lateral tarsometatarsal
joints?
-inversion and eversion, dorsiflexion an plantar flexion - -what motions are produced
at the subtalar joint?
-inversion and eversion. flexion and extension - -what motions are produced at the
midtarsal joint?
,-flexion and extension, abduction and adduction - -what motions are produced at the
metatarsalphalangeal joints?
-flexion and extension - -what motions are produced at the IP joints?
-D. shortened step length on contralateral side - -a complete lesion of the tibial nerve
on one leg will result in what gait deviations?
A. foot slap on ipsilateral side
B. gluteus medius limp on contralateral side
C. Shortened step length on ipsilateral side
D. shortened step length on contralateral side
-(posterior lower leg muscles)
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus,
flexor hallucis longus - -what muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve?
-cervical lateral flexion - -what is the C3 myotome
-shoulder elevation - -what is the C4 myotome
-shoulder abduction - -what is the C5 myotome
-elbow flexion, wrist extension - -what is the C6 myotome
-elbow extension, wrist flexion - -what is the C7 myotome
-thumb extension, finger flexion - -what is the C8 myotome
-finger abduction and adduction - -what is the T1 myotome
-hip flexion - -what is the L2 myotome
-knee extension - -what is the L3 myotome
-ankle DF - -what is the L4 myotome
-great toe extension - -what is the L5 myotome
-PF, eversion, hip extension - -what is the S1 myotome
-knee flexion, PF - -what is the S2 myotome
, -Scheuermann's Disease - -a developmental disorder of the spine
abnormal growth of the thoracic spine
anterior portion of the thoracic vertebrae do not develop as fast as the posterior portion
resulting in exaggerated kyphosis
-Blount's disease (osteochondrosis deformans tibiae) - --growth disorder of the tibia
-characterized by inward bowing of the lower leg that worsens over time
-tibia vara
-Leg-Calve-Perthes Disease - --avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral head
resulting from compromise of the tenuous blood supply to this area
-usually occurs in children aged 4-10 years old
-may occur after an injury to the hip
-typically unilateral
-Heel strike (initial contact) - -at which part of gait are the most number of muscles
active?
-B. lateral thigh distal to the GT, lateral aspect of the foot and the medial condyle of the
femur - -For correction of genu valgum, forces should be applied over the:
A. lateral condyle of the femur, lateral aspect of the foot and the head of the fibula
B. Lateral thigh distal to the GT, lateral aspect of the foot and medial condyle of the
femur
C. Anterior thigh poplitial fossa and dorsal surface of the foot
D. perineum, dial aspect of the foot and lateral condyle of the femur
E. medial condyle of the femur, medial aspect of the foot and the head of the tibia
-D. insure that the mechanical ankle axis coincides with the anatomical ankle axis in the
transverse plane - -the purpose of measuring external rotation of the ankle joint is to:
A. determine total amount of internal rotation of the tibia in a normal adult
B. allow for toe out
C. determine amount of anterior deflection of the lateral sidebar
D. insure that the mechanical ankle axis coincides with the anatomical ankle axis in the
transverse plane
D. insure that the medial and lateral mechanical ankle axes are parallel in the coronal
plane
-C. 10 degrees of varus or valgus, 20 degrees of anterior posterior angulation - -what is
the maximum acceptable malalignment of a tibial fracture that can be managed with an
off the shelf fracture orthosis?
