Genetics Final Exam (Final exam for Pittcock
Genetics)/ 249 Questions &Answers
What are deleterious genes and list one example - -alleles whose phenotype results in
significantly reduced fitness of an animal; Dexter cattle - short legs
-Genetics - -The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
-Gregor Mendel is often referred to as - -"Father of Genetics"
-What plant did Gregor Mendel study? - -peas
-Why was Mendel more successful than other researchers? (what were they looking for
or at differently) - -
1. Picked easy organism to experiment
2. Picked plant that was diploid
3. Picked traits that were simply inherited
4. Mendel looked at traits separately
-Define genetic improvement and list 3 examples - -The betterment of an organism;
1. bigger
2. smaller
3. faster
4. hairless
5. quicker weight gain
-Who created the term "genetics?' - -William Batesone
-What is a chromosome? - -a DNA molecule composed of RNA and proteins to form a
threadlike structure; only visible during meiosis and mitosis (contains the genes)
-What is located on a chromosome? - -genes
-What is the appearance of the structure of a DNA strand? - -double helix
-Define DNA - -Genetic material makes up a gene and then makes up a chromosome
,-List the bases that make up DNA - -Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
-What DNA bases are paired together? - -Adenine - Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine
-List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Cattle - -Dominant - polled
Recessive - horned
-List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Chickens - -Dominant - feathered shanks
Recessive - clean shanks
-List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Horses - -Dominant - smooth hair
Recessive - curly hair
-List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Dogs - -Dominant - wire hair
Recessive - smooth hair
-List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Cats - -Dominant - short hair
Recessive - long hair
-List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Tomato - -Dominant - small fruit
Recessive - large fruit
, -List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Seed color - -yellow, green
-List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Flower color - -purple, white
-List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Seed shape - -round, wrinkled
-List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Pod color - -green, yellow
-List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Pod shape - -inflated, constricted
-List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Flower position - -axial, terminal
-List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Plant height - -tall, dwarf
-What is a testcross? - -A cross between an individual whose genotype at one or more
loci may be unknown and an individual who is homozygous recessive of the genes in
question
-What is the genotype of the parental cross (in a monohybrid) for a testcross? - -G? x gg
-List the resulting phenotypic and genotypic ratios of a testcross - -Alternative 1 - PR all
have same phenotype of dominant trait; GR all have the same heterozygous genotype Gg
Alternative 2 - PR 1:1 half have dominant trait and half recessive trait, GR 1:1 half
heterozygous, half homozygous recessive
Genetics)/ 249 Questions &Answers
What are deleterious genes and list one example - -alleles whose phenotype results in
significantly reduced fitness of an animal; Dexter cattle - short legs
-Genetics - -The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
-Gregor Mendel is often referred to as - -"Father of Genetics"
-What plant did Gregor Mendel study? - -peas
-Why was Mendel more successful than other researchers? (what were they looking for
or at differently) - -
1. Picked easy organism to experiment
2. Picked plant that was diploid
3. Picked traits that were simply inherited
4. Mendel looked at traits separately
-Define genetic improvement and list 3 examples - -The betterment of an organism;
1. bigger
2. smaller
3. faster
4. hairless
5. quicker weight gain
-Who created the term "genetics?' - -William Batesone
-What is a chromosome? - -a DNA molecule composed of RNA and proteins to form a
threadlike structure; only visible during meiosis and mitosis (contains the genes)
-What is located on a chromosome? - -genes
-What is the appearance of the structure of a DNA strand? - -double helix
-Define DNA - -Genetic material makes up a gene and then makes up a chromosome
,-List the bases that make up DNA - -Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
-What DNA bases are paired together? - -Adenine - Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine
-List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Cattle - -Dominant - polled
Recessive - horned
-List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Chickens - -Dominant - feathered shanks
Recessive - clean shanks
-List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Horses - -Dominant - smooth hair
Recessive - curly hair
-List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Dogs - -Dominant - wire hair
Recessive - smooth hair
-List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Cats - -Dominant - short hair
Recessive - long hair
-List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Tomato - -Dominant - small fruit
Recessive - large fruit
, -List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Seed color - -yellow, green
-List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Flower color - -purple, white
-List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Seed shape - -round, wrinkled
-List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Pod color - -green, yellow
-List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Pod shape - -inflated, constricted
-List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Flower position - -axial, terminal
-List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Plant height - -tall, dwarf
-What is a testcross? - -A cross between an individual whose genotype at one or more
loci may be unknown and an individual who is homozygous recessive of the genes in
question
-What is the genotype of the parental cross (in a monohybrid) for a testcross? - -G? x gg
-List the resulting phenotypic and genotypic ratios of a testcross - -Alternative 1 - PR all
have same phenotype of dominant trait; GR all have the same heterozygous genotype Gg
Alternative 2 - PR 1:1 half have dominant trait and half recessive trait, GR 1:1 half
heterozygous, half homozygous recessive
