WGU Pathophysiology D236 Exam-
with latest solutions-2023-2024
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - -T cells produce cytokines, which
stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
-Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - -Mutations in genes or
chromosomal abnormalities
-How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - -Alterations of DNA
-Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. - -
(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
-Explain RAAS - -Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction >
release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in
urine and blood pressure maintained.
-DKA - -increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
-How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - -retain H and excrete HCO3
-Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - -Potassium
-West Nile Virus - -Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs
and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
-Lyme disease - -Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
-Erythema infectiosum - -a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
-Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - -Spina bifida
-Trousseau's sign - -arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
, -Cause and sign of spina bifida - -results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid
filled sac on lower back.
-hemophilia is more common in - -males
-Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - -ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
-Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - -Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
-Describe Lupus - -Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly
rash
-Describe Myasthenia Gravis - -It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack
own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day,
along with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
-dermatitis - -inflammation of the skin
-eczema - -noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters,
scabs, and itching
-decubitus ulcer - -sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
-Fungal infections - -superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections
caused by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
-benign neoplasm - -noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
-malignant neoplasm - -uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
-Osteoporosis - -The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become
porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
-osteomalacia - -disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and
vitamin D deficiency
-myoglobin - -red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
with latest solutions-2023-2024
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - -T cells produce cytokines, which
stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
-Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - -Mutations in genes or
chromosomal abnormalities
-How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - -Alterations of DNA
-Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. - -
(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
-Explain RAAS - -Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction >
release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in
urine and blood pressure maintained.
-DKA - -increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
-How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - -retain H and excrete HCO3
-Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - -Potassium
-West Nile Virus - -Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs
and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
-Lyme disease - -Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
-Erythema infectiosum - -a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
-Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - -Spina bifida
-Trousseau's sign - -arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
, -Cause and sign of spina bifida - -results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid
filled sac on lower back.
-hemophilia is more common in - -males
-Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - -ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
-Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - -Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
-Describe Lupus - -Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly
rash
-Describe Myasthenia Gravis - -It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack
own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day,
along with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
-dermatitis - -inflammation of the skin
-eczema - -noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters,
scabs, and itching
-decubitus ulcer - -sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
-Fungal infections - -superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections
caused by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
-benign neoplasm - -noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
-malignant neoplasm - -uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
-Osteoporosis - -The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become
porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
-osteomalacia - -disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and
vitamin D deficiency
-myoglobin - -red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
