NAFI CFEI Study Guide 2023 With
Complete Solutions.
Evidence - Demonstrative - -Tangible items; see, touch, smell, hear.
-Evidence - Documentary - -Written form; business records, banking, calendars, phone
records, fire reports, etc...
-Evidence - Testimonial - -Competent live witness speaking under oath; two types; fact
and expert
-Evidence - illustrative - -Photos, sketches, maps, diagrams. Modes are frequently used
at trial.
-Evidence - illustravtive - -Photos and Videos; what, why, how, when
-Evidence collection - -Document in place, document the collection, use proper
container, (flag, bag, & tag)
-Evidence - collection - -Fuel gas powered tools outside the perimeter. Find out where
tools were refuels.
-Heat transfer - -Conduction, convection, radiation
-Interviews - -Purpose of the interview; prepare for the interview, document the
interview
-Vehicle Fires - -Sparks from an aluminum wheel are not a competent ignition source.
-Vehicle Fires - -The most common source of an open flame in a vehicle is an exhaust
system backfire out of a carburetor.
-Vehicle Fires - -Carburetor backfire leaves a distinct pattern on the hood.
-Vehicle Fires - -Two basic fuel systems: vacuum/low pressure carbureted system, and
high-pressure, fuel injected system.
-Vehicle Fires - -Loose battery connections; not over-current protected; loose
connections can result in intermittent arcing.
-Vehicle Fires - -Power steering fluid: Flashpoint 347-356*F, autoignition 680-720*F.
-Vehicle Fires - -Automatic Transmission Fluid: Flashpoint 302-536*F, autoignition
626-716*F.
, -Vehicle Fires - -Overcharging a battery does not cause it to explode.
-Explosions - -Low order damage: characterized by walls bulge out or laid down,
virtually intact, next to the structure. roofs slightly left.
-Explosions - -High order damage: shattering of the structure, producing small debris
pieces.
-Explosions - -Post blast effects: burned debris away-fire preceded, unburned the
debris away-no fire.
-Explosions - -Dust explosions: most often occur in confined areas of relatively wide
dispersal.
-Explosions - -Search 1.5 times further than the farthest piece of debris.
-Fire effects/ fire patterns - -Char shrinks as it forms. More reliable for evaluating fire
spread, deduce the direction based on depth, large shiny blisters (alligatoring) is not
evidence of the use of an accelerant.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Spalling: loss of surface material due to cracking, breaking,
chipping, breakdown in surface tensile strength, moisture present in the concrete, may
appear lighter in color.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Crazed glass: caused by rapid cooling.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Light bulbs 25W or more "pull" (gases expand and bubble
out); 25W or less contain a vacuum and can pull in.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Annealing (softening) of springs may provide clues
concerning direction, duration, and intensity.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Saddle burns - A U-shaped burn pattern found on the top
of floor joists, caused by fire burning down through the floor. Often, a saddle burn is
caused by a burning liquid on the floor or radiant heat from a material close to the floor.
Saddle burns display deep charring.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Inverted cone burns are indicative of the vertical flame
plume not reaching the ceiling, short-lived fires with a low HRR
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Melting Temperatures: Copper 1981*F; Aluminum 1220*F;
Steel 2760*F
-Heat Sources - -Mechanical: converted to heat when two materials rub against each
other and create friction.
Chemical: chemical reaction; exothermic and endothermic.
Complete Solutions.
Evidence - Demonstrative - -Tangible items; see, touch, smell, hear.
-Evidence - Documentary - -Written form; business records, banking, calendars, phone
records, fire reports, etc...
-Evidence - Testimonial - -Competent live witness speaking under oath; two types; fact
and expert
-Evidence - illustrative - -Photos, sketches, maps, diagrams. Modes are frequently used
at trial.
-Evidence - illustravtive - -Photos and Videos; what, why, how, when
-Evidence collection - -Document in place, document the collection, use proper
container, (flag, bag, & tag)
-Evidence - collection - -Fuel gas powered tools outside the perimeter. Find out where
tools were refuels.
-Heat transfer - -Conduction, convection, radiation
-Interviews - -Purpose of the interview; prepare for the interview, document the
interview
-Vehicle Fires - -Sparks from an aluminum wheel are not a competent ignition source.
-Vehicle Fires - -The most common source of an open flame in a vehicle is an exhaust
system backfire out of a carburetor.
-Vehicle Fires - -Carburetor backfire leaves a distinct pattern on the hood.
-Vehicle Fires - -Two basic fuel systems: vacuum/low pressure carbureted system, and
high-pressure, fuel injected system.
-Vehicle Fires - -Loose battery connections; not over-current protected; loose
connections can result in intermittent arcing.
-Vehicle Fires - -Power steering fluid: Flashpoint 347-356*F, autoignition 680-720*F.
-Vehicle Fires - -Automatic Transmission Fluid: Flashpoint 302-536*F, autoignition
626-716*F.
, -Vehicle Fires - -Overcharging a battery does not cause it to explode.
-Explosions - -Low order damage: characterized by walls bulge out or laid down,
virtually intact, next to the structure. roofs slightly left.
-Explosions - -High order damage: shattering of the structure, producing small debris
pieces.
-Explosions - -Post blast effects: burned debris away-fire preceded, unburned the
debris away-no fire.
-Explosions - -Dust explosions: most often occur in confined areas of relatively wide
dispersal.
-Explosions - -Search 1.5 times further than the farthest piece of debris.
-Fire effects/ fire patterns - -Char shrinks as it forms. More reliable for evaluating fire
spread, deduce the direction based on depth, large shiny blisters (alligatoring) is not
evidence of the use of an accelerant.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Spalling: loss of surface material due to cracking, breaking,
chipping, breakdown in surface tensile strength, moisture present in the concrete, may
appear lighter in color.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Crazed glass: caused by rapid cooling.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Light bulbs 25W or more "pull" (gases expand and bubble
out); 25W or less contain a vacuum and can pull in.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Annealing (softening) of springs may provide clues
concerning direction, duration, and intensity.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Saddle burns - A U-shaped burn pattern found on the top
of floor joists, caused by fire burning down through the floor. Often, a saddle burn is
caused by a burning liquid on the floor or radiant heat from a material close to the floor.
Saddle burns display deep charring.
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Inverted cone burns are indicative of the vertical flame
plume not reaching the ceiling, short-lived fires with a low HRR
-Fire effects/fire patterns - -Melting Temperatures: Copper 1981*F; Aluminum 1220*F;
Steel 2760*F
-Heat Sources - -Mechanical: converted to heat when two materials rub against each
other and create friction.
Chemical: chemical reaction; exothermic and endothermic.
