Capsule and Tablet 2024 complete
update study guide A+ graded
Capsules Solid dosage forms in which the drug substances is enclosed in either a hard or
soft soluble container of shell of a suitable form of gelatin.
1. Tasteless, odorless, and can easily be administered
2. Can use combination of powders
3. Easily filled (extemporaneously or large quantities commercially)
4. Drugs having unpleasant odor and taste are enclosed in a tasteless shell
5. Attractive in appearance
6. Physician can change dose and combination of drug according to patient requirement.
7. Permit flexibility.
8. They are economical
9. Exact dosage level.
10. They are easy to handle and carry. ADVANTAGES OF CAPSULES
Hygroscopic drug are not suitable for filling into capsules; they absorb water in present in
capsule shell, makes the shell very brittle and ultimately lead to crumble into pieces.
The concentrated solution which require previous dilution are unstable for capsules because if
administered as such leads to irritation into stomach. DISADVANTAGES OF
CAPSULES
HARD GELATIN CAPSULES
SOFT GELATIN CAPSULES TYPES OF CAPSULES
HARD GELATIN CAPSULES - Also referred to as Dry-Filled Capsule (DFC).
- Supplied in variety of size numbering from 000 (largest size) to 5 (smallest size).
- Approximate capacity from 30-600mg, although may vary because of the different densities of
powdered drug materials.
- Made largely from gelatin.
- Water content is 12-16% but may vary depending on the storage conditions.
- Dry-Filled Capsule (DFC)
- 000
,-5
- 30-600mg
- gelatin
- 12-16% HARD GELATIN CAPSULES
- Also referred to as __________________.
- Supplied in variety of size numbering from ___________ (largest size) to ___________
(smallest size).
- Approximate capacity from _____________, although may vary because of the different
densities of powdered drug materials.
- Made largely from _____________.
- Water content is ____________ but may vary depending on the storage conditions.
GELATIN CAPSULES Heterogenous product derived by the hydrolytic extraction of
animal's collagen.
animal bones, hide portions, and frozen pork skin Sources of gelatin
Type A gelatin derived from acid treated precursor that exhibits an isoelectric point (IEP)
at pH 9. It is manufactured mainly from pork skin.
TYPE B gelatin : derived from the alkali treated precursor that exhibits an isoelectric point
(IEP) at pH 4.7. It is manufactured mainly from animal bones.
- acid treated
- pH 9
- pork skin
- alkali treated
- pH 4.7
- animal bones TYPE A: derived from ______________ precursor that exhibits an isoelectric
point (IEP) at __________. It is manufactured mainly from __________________.
TYPE B: derived from the ______________ precursor that exhibits an isoelectric point (IEP) at
__________. It is manufactured mainly from _________________.
Cap
Body PARTS OF CAPSULE
Body the longer piece / or part of the capsule
Cap the shorter piece / or part of the capsule
EXCEPIENTS Defined as substances other than the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
(APIs) used in the formulation of a drug product for long-term stabilization. They play an
integral role in the formulation of a stable medicinal drug and its administration.
1. Gelatin
2. FD & C and D & C Colorant
3. Opacifying agents
, 4. Fillers (Diluents)
5. Glidants
6. Lubricants
7. Surfactants
8. Hydrophilic Agents8 Types of Excipients
Erythrosine Water Soluble Dye
Iron and Titanium Oxides Pigments
Water Soluble Dyes and Pigments Opacifying agents
Fillers (Diluents) - Used to increase the bulk of the formulation
- Improve flow properties and compatibility
Lactose, Mannitol, Sorbitol, Starch, Dicalcium Phosphate Fillers (Diluents) examples
Glidants - Used to improve the fluidity of powders
- Fine particles that appear to coat the surface of bulk powders and enhance fluidity by reducing
roughness by filling surface irregularities reducing attractive force by:
Physically separating the host particles, Modifying Electrostatic charges, Acting as moisture
scavengers, and Serving as ball bearing between host particles
Physically separating the host particles, Modifying Electrostatic charges, Acting as moisture
scavengers, and Serving as ball bearing between host particles Fine particles that appear to
coat the surface of bulk powders and enhance fluidity by reducing roughness by filling surface
irregularities reducing attractive force by:
Talc, Magnesium Stearate, Calcium Stearate, Colloidal Silica, and Corn Starch glidants
example
Lubricants - Ease the ejection of plugs
- Reduce filming on piston and adhesion of powders to metal surface
- Reduce friction between sticking surfaces in contact with powder
Talc, Magnesium Stearate, and Calcium Stearate Lubricants examples
Surfactants - Increase the wetting of the powder mass and enhance drug dissolution
- concentration range of 0.1-0.5% is usually used
- lowers the surface tension in which it is melted
Sodium Lauryl Sulphate & Sodium Docusate surfactants example
Hydrophilic Agents - Improve the wettability of poorly soluble drug present in gelatin capsule
update study guide A+ graded
Capsules Solid dosage forms in which the drug substances is enclosed in either a hard or
soft soluble container of shell of a suitable form of gelatin.
1. Tasteless, odorless, and can easily be administered
2. Can use combination of powders
3. Easily filled (extemporaneously or large quantities commercially)
4. Drugs having unpleasant odor and taste are enclosed in a tasteless shell
5. Attractive in appearance
6. Physician can change dose and combination of drug according to patient requirement.
7. Permit flexibility.
8. They are economical
9. Exact dosage level.
10. They are easy to handle and carry. ADVANTAGES OF CAPSULES
Hygroscopic drug are not suitable for filling into capsules; they absorb water in present in
capsule shell, makes the shell very brittle and ultimately lead to crumble into pieces.
The concentrated solution which require previous dilution are unstable for capsules because if
administered as such leads to irritation into stomach. DISADVANTAGES OF
CAPSULES
HARD GELATIN CAPSULES
SOFT GELATIN CAPSULES TYPES OF CAPSULES
HARD GELATIN CAPSULES - Also referred to as Dry-Filled Capsule (DFC).
- Supplied in variety of size numbering from 000 (largest size) to 5 (smallest size).
- Approximate capacity from 30-600mg, although may vary because of the different densities of
powdered drug materials.
- Made largely from gelatin.
- Water content is 12-16% but may vary depending on the storage conditions.
- Dry-Filled Capsule (DFC)
- 000
,-5
- 30-600mg
- gelatin
- 12-16% HARD GELATIN CAPSULES
- Also referred to as __________________.
- Supplied in variety of size numbering from ___________ (largest size) to ___________
(smallest size).
- Approximate capacity from _____________, although may vary because of the different
densities of powdered drug materials.
- Made largely from _____________.
- Water content is ____________ but may vary depending on the storage conditions.
GELATIN CAPSULES Heterogenous product derived by the hydrolytic extraction of
animal's collagen.
animal bones, hide portions, and frozen pork skin Sources of gelatin
Type A gelatin derived from acid treated precursor that exhibits an isoelectric point (IEP)
at pH 9. It is manufactured mainly from pork skin.
TYPE B gelatin : derived from the alkali treated precursor that exhibits an isoelectric point
(IEP) at pH 4.7. It is manufactured mainly from animal bones.
- acid treated
- pH 9
- pork skin
- alkali treated
- pH 4.7
- animal bones TYPE A: derived from ______________ precursor that exhibits an isoelectric
point (IEP) at __________. It is manufactured mainly from __________________.
TYPE B: derived from the ______________ precursor that exhibits an isoelectric point (IEP) at
__________. It is manufactured mainly from _________________.
Cap
Body PARTS OF CAPSULE
Body the longer piece / or part of the capsule
Cap the shorter piece / or part of the capsule
EXCEPIENTS Defined as substances other than the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
(APIs) used in the formulation of a drug product for long-term stabilization. They play an
integral role in the formulation of a stable medicinal drug and its administration.
1. Gelatin
2. FD & C and D & C Colorant
3. Opacifying agents
, 4. Fillers (Diluents)
5. Glidants
6. Lubricants
7. Surfactants
8. Hydrophilic Agents8 Types of Excipients
Erythrosine Water Soluble Dye
Iron and Titanium Oxides Pigments
Water Soluble Dyes and Pigments Opacifying agents
Fillers (Diluents) - Used to increase the bulk of the formulation
- Improve flow properties and compatibility
Lactose, Mannitol, Sorbitol, Starch, Dicalcium Phosphate Fillers (Diluents) examples
Glidants - Used to improve the fluidity of powders
- Fine particles that appear to coat the surface of bulk powders and enhance fluidity by reducing
roughness by filling surface irregularities reducing attractive force by:
Physically separating the host particles, Modifying Electrostatic charges, Acting as moisture
scavengers, and Serving as ball bearing between host particles
Physically separating the host particles, Modifying Electrostatic charges, Acting as moisture
scavengers, and Serving as ball bearing between host particles Fine particles that appear to
coat the surface of bulk powders and enhance fluidity by reducing roughness by filling surface
irregularities reducing attractive force by:
Talc, Magnesium Stearate, Calcium Stearate, Colloidal Silica, and Corn Starch glidants
example
Lubricants - Ease the ejection of plugs
- Reduce filming on piston and adhesion of powders to metal surface
- Reduce friction between sticking surfaces in contact with powder
Talc, Magnesium Stearate, and Calcium Stearate Lubricants examples
Surfactants - Increase the wetting of the powder mass and enhance drug dissolution
- concentration range of 0.1-0.5% is usually used
- lowers the surface tension in which it is melted
Sodium Lauryl Sulphate & Sodium Docusate surfactants example
Hydrophilic Agents - Improve the wettability of poorly soluble drug present in gelatin capsule
