ATI Pharmacology RN questions well answered 2023/2024.

Digoxin (lanoxin) SE - answersblurred/double vision Dry Cough Facial Edema Guaifenesin SE - answersA/E: Diarrhea, can cause drowsiness TELL: Increase fluids by at least 2L/day store at room temp not fridge Doxepin (Sinequan) [anticholinergic] SE - answersurinary retension, constipation, drying of nasal/oral secretons, ↑HR Albuterol (Proventil) [sympathomimetic/ adrenergic beta-2 agonist] Contraindicated - answerswith MAOIs (can↑ action of albuterol and → HTN crisis); β-blockers can inhibit the therapeutic effects Use: invert canister, shake before use, rinse mouth after use, w/new inhaler perform test spray Levothryoxine (T4) Indication - answershypothyroidism RT dysfxn of hypothalamus, pituitary, or thyroid gland Monitor for: Chest pain, tremors, nervousness, insomnia Cephalosporins (Keflex) - answersallergy to cephalosporins is considered a precaution for taking penicillins Phenobarbital [Barbiturates]; interventions for anticonvulsant therapy - answersassess for resp. depression, excess sedation from toxic effects, IV at 50mg/min, avoid extravasation (alkaline→skin damage) Sumatriptan (Imitrex) use - answerswhen migraine symptoms appear and again in 1 hr if symptoms persist Report: Chest pressure/ Heavy arms (vasospasm= angina) monitor Sedation and Drowsiness can occur Baclofen (Lioresal) Therapeutic action - answers↓ frequency & severity of muscle spasms A/E: Monitor for seizure risk patients: increased risk for seizures A/E: Memory impairment A/E: decreased cognitive function Erythromycin (Erythrocin) [macrolide] SE - answersliver toxicity What do need to avoid when taking Spironolactone (Aldactone) [K sparing diuretic] - answersfoods w/ ↑ K such as salt substitutes Chloroquine phosphate (Aralen): Indication - answersmalaria prevention; Use: take weekly starting 1 week before departure and continued for 4 weeks after return. Heparin (anticoagulant) Use - answersw/alteplase for acute MI Warfarin (Coumadin) Use - answerslong-term prophylaxis of thrombosis [antidote—Vit K] Clopidogrel (Plavix) Use - answersreduce long-term risk of clotting w/ atherosclerosis and recent MI of CVA Alteplase (Activase) [antithrombolytic] Use - answersAcute MI/CVA (has short half-life) Methylphenidate (Concerta) Use - answersmarcolepsy Precaution: avoid caffeine use Testosterone IM use - answersIf use to correct delayed puberty→assess bone maturation with bi-annual x-rays of hand and wrist; monitor liver function (can ↑ hypoglycemia, potentiate sleep apnea, exacerbate heart failure due to fluid retention. Diphenoxylate & Atropine (Lomotil) Caution - answersWith Renal impairment ↓ elimination of atropine → ↑ anticholinergic effects of atropine like confusion Loperamide (Imodium) use - answersanti-diarrheal (poorly absorbed from GI tract; difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier) Methylcellulose (Citrucel) use - answersbulk-forming agent with minimal Side Effects (SE) Psyllium (Metamucil) use - answersbulk-forming agent with minimal Side Effects (SE) Acetazolamide (Diamox) [diuretic] indication - answersedema, epilepsy, acute mountain sickness, glaucoma (↓ intraocular pressure by ↓ amount of aqueous humor in the eye) Contra: allergy to sulfonamides Report: Tingling of the fingers (Paresthesia) Diarrhea Weight loss (decrease appetite ) Polyuria Metoprolol (Lopressor) [β-blocker] use and side effects - answersHold dose for dyspnea (sign of exacerbation of CHF) Propanolol (Inderal) Use. Dysrhythmia, HTN, angina; SE: bronchoconstriction/bronchospasm; can block glyconeogenesis Norgestrel (Ovrette) use and contraindication - answerscontraception; SE: excess progestin →weight gain from ↑ appetite; deficiency of progestin: late breakthrough bleeding, amenorrhea; excess estrogen → edema Medroxyprogesterone (Provera); Contra: smoking/tobacco products; Risks: Thromboembolism & Cardiovascular complications; Interventions: use additional contraceptive measures w/antibiotic therapy IM injection site - answerslocate dorsogluteal site