ATI Pharmacology: Chapters 1 – 6 study practice well done 2024.

What are the four phases of pharmacokinetics - answersAbsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion Which type of meds takes long to be absorbed? - answersoral and intradermal/topical Which type of meds get quickly absorbed? - answerssublingual and inhaled which type of medication gets absorbed immediately? - answersIV meds what should you teach p/t taking a sublingual medication? - answerswait for the med to be completely dissolved before eating and drinking How does distribution occur? - answersthrough the use of binding proteins like albumin two common side effects of all medications: - answersGI upset, headache What is important to note about herbs starting with "G" - answersthey increase the p/t risk for bleeding what is important to note about medications ending in "MAB" or "MIB" - answersthey're immunosuppressants and increase p/t risk for infection How does metabolism occur? - answersmeds get broken down to their less active form by enzymes Where does metabolism primarily occur? - answersthe liver Why are babies and older p/t at an increased risk of medication toxicity - answersthey both have impaired metabolism Describe the First Pass Effect - answerssome meds get inactivated when they pass through the liver the first time so you may need to increase the dose to reach a therapeutic effect Describe excretion - answerswhen meds get filtered out through the kidneys Describe the relationship between impaired kidney function and toxicity - answersp/t can adequately metabolize or excrete meds so they are at higher risk What needs to be done for medications with a low therapeutic index? - answerspeak and trough example of one med that needs a peak and trough - answersvancomycin What two characteristics of meds out a p/t at risk for toxicity? - answerslow therapeutic index and long half life Agonist = - answersenhances antagonist = - answersblocks What do you want to teach a p/t taking an oral medication? - answersdon't mix with a lot of food, chin to chest, sit up What needs to be done for transdermal medication? - answerswash skin with soap and water first, remove old patch, rotate sites, choose hairless site What needs to be done for eye drop administration? - answersuse surgical aseptic technique, drop in the center of the conjunctival sac, apply gentle pressure at lacrimal duct for 30-60 seconds What needs to be done for ear drop administration? - answerstile head or lay on unaffected side, pull up and out for adults, pull down and back for children What needs to be done for NG/G tube meds? - answersFlush before and after w/ 15 mL sterile water, flush again after all meds have been given What needs to be done for suppository meds? - answersposition p/t on their left side, insert just past the anal sphincter how long should a p/t keep a suppository in for a bowel movement? - answers20-30 minutes how long should a p/t keep a suppository in for systemic absorption? - answers60 minutes Proper use of a Metered dose inhaler (MDI) - answersSHAKE inhaler 5/6x, press inhaler, take a deep breath for 3-5s, hold breath for 10s before exhale Proper use of a Dry powder inhaler (DPI) - answersAVOID shaking inhaler, press inhaler, take a deep breath for 3-5s, hold breath for 10s before exhale Where are IM injections given to a p/t less than 2 years old? - answersvastus lateralis Where can IM injections be given to a p/t greater than 2 years old? - answersvastus lateralis, ventral gluteal site, deltoid How much fluid can the vastus lateralis and ventral gluteal site hold? - answers2mL of fluid What is the max fluid the deltoid site can hold? - answers1mL of fluid Proper administration of an intradermal injection - answersknow its low volume solution 0.1, hold at a 5-15 degree angle with the bevel up Proper administration of a subcutaneous injection - answersneed a needle length of 3/8 to 5/8 inch, need a width of 25-17 gauge, inject at a 45-90 degree angle