WEST COAST EMT - BLOCK 4 EXAM WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION.
A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet.
Hecomplains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely
responsible for his back pain?
Select one:
• Lateral impact to the spine
• Secondary fall after the initial impact
• Direct trauma to the spinal column
• Energy transmission to the spine - Answer D. Energy transmission to the spine
A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was
wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to
managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST
important for you to:
Select one:
• leave her bicycle helmet on.
• obtain baseline vital signs.
• stabilize her entire spine.
• inspect the helmet for cracks. - Answer C. stabilize her entire spine.
A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation.
Asyour partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the
obvious bleeding and then:
Select one:
• auscultate bowel sounds.
• assess for an exit wound.
• apply a cervical collar.
• obtain baseline vital signs. - Answer B. assess for an exit wound.
According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT),
an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if
he orshe:
Select one:
• was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another patient in the same
vehiclewas killed.
• has a systolic blood pressure of less than 110 mm Hg or a heart rate greater
than110 beats/min.
• has a bleeding disorder or takes anticoagulant medications and has any blunt
orpenetrating injury.
• has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to
trauma. -Answer D. has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism
attributed to trauma.
,According to the Association of Air Medical Services, you should consider air medical
transport of a trauma patient if:
Select one:
• the patient requires advanced life support care and stabilization, and the
nearestALS-ground ambulance is more than 5 to 10 minutes away.
• traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by
groundwithin the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome.
• ground transport will take your ambulance out of service for an extended period
oftime, regardless of the severity of the patient's injuries.
• he or she was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another occupant in the
same vehicle was killed, even if your patient's injuries are minor. - Answer B. traffic
conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within
theideal time frame for the best clinical outcome.
Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur
during:Select one:
• frontal collisions.
• rollover collisions.
• rear-end collisions.
• lateral collisions. - Answer D. lateral collisions.
Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains
of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you
shouldbe MOST concerned with the possibility of:
Select one:
• a fracture of the skull.
• airway compromise.
• intracranial bleeding.
• spinal cord injury. - Answer C. intracranial bleeding.
Force acting over a distance is the definition
of:Select one:
• work.
• latent energy.
• kinetic energy.
• potential energy. - Answer A. work.
The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:
Select one:
• the detection of less obvious life-threatening injuries.
• a predictable pattern that leads to serious injuries.
• your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.
• the way in which traumatic injuries occur. - Answer C. your awareness and
concernfor potentially serious underlying injuries.
,When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember
that:
Select one:
• solid organs usually rupture from the pressure wave.
• secondary blast injuries are usually the least obvious.
• primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.
• primary blast injuries are typically the most obvious. - Answer C. primary
blastinjuries are the most easily overlooked.
When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember
that:Select one:
• any fall in the elderly is considered to be high-energy trauma.
• osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position.
• bilateral hip fractures usually occur when an elderly person falls.
• elderly patients who fall usually have a secondary head injury. - Answer
B. osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing
position.
When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:
Select one:
• quadruples.
• is not affected.
• triples.
• doubles. - Answer A. quadruples.
Which of the following destinations is most appropriate for a 41-year-old male
patientwho was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision and is unconscious
and unresponsive, assuming that travel times to each is equal?
Select one:
• A Level I or Level II trauma center
• Only a Level I trauma center
• A Level IV or Level III trauma center
• Any designated trauma center is acceptable. - Answer A. A Level I or Level II
traumacenter
Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of
high-energy trauma?
Select one:
• Intrusion into the vehicle
• Dismounted seats
• Steering wheel deformity
• Deployment of the air bag - Answer D. Deployment of the air bag
Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the
thirdcollision in a motor vehicle crash?
Select one:
, • Flail chest
• Forehead lacerations
• Aortic rupture
• Extremity fractures - Answer C. Aortic rupture
Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient
withmultisystem trauma?
Select one:
• Intravenous fluid administration
• Early administration of oxygen
• Rapid transport to a trauma center
• Elevation of the lower extremities - Answer C. Rapid transport to a trauma center
Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?
Select one:
• The size of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.
• High-velocity bullets will cause less severe internal injuries.
• The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.
• Low-velocity bullets will cause the greatest amount of trauma. - Answer C.
Thespeed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.
Which types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple
impacts?
Select one:
• Lateral and rollover
• Frontal and rotational
• Rotational and rollover
• Rear-end and rotational - Answer C. Rotational and rollover
While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you
that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states
thatthe child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis
of thisinformation, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:
Select one:
• lower extremity fractures.
• neck and facial injuries.
• blunt trauma to the head.
• open abdominal trauma. - Answer B. neck and facial injuries.
Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood
pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. His Revised Trauma
Score (RTS)is:
Select one:
A. 10.
B. 11.
SOLUTION.
A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet.
Hecomplains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely
responsible for his back pain?
Select one:
• Lateral impact to the spine
• Secondary fall after the initial impact
• Direct trauma to the spinal column
• Energy transmission to the spine - Answer D. Energy transmission to the spine
A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was
wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to
managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST
important for you to:
Select one:
• leave her bicycle helmet on.
• obtain baseline vital signs.
• stabilize her entire spine.
• inspect the helmet for cracks. - Answer C. stabilize her entire spine.
A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation.
Asyour partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the
obvious bleeding and then:
Select one:
• auscultate bowel sounds.
• assess for an exit wound.
• apply a cervical collar.
• obtain baseline vital signs. - Answer B. assess for an exit wound.
According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT),
an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if
he orshe:
Select one:
• was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another patient in the same
vehiclewas killed.
• has a systolic blood pressure of less than 110 mm Hg or a heart rate greater
than110 beats/min.
• has a bleeding disorder or takes anticoagulant medications and has any blunt
orpenetrating injury.
• has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to
trauma. -Answer D. has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism
attributed to trauma.
,According to the Association of Air Medical Services, you should consider air medical
transport of a trauma patient if:
Select one:
• the patient requires advanced life support care and stabilization, and the
nearestALS-ground ambulance is more than 5 to 10 minutes away.
• traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by
groundwithin the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome.
• ground transport will take your ambulance out of service for an extended period
oftime, regardless of the severity of the patient's injuries.
• he or she was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another occupant in the
same vehicle was killed, even if your patient's injuries are minor. - Answer B. traffic
conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within
theideal time frame for the best clinical outcome.
Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur
during:Select one:
• frontal collisions.
• rollover collisions.
• rear-end collisions.
• lateral collisions. - Answer D. lateral collisions.
Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains
of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you
shouldbe MOST concerned with the possibility of:
Select one:
• a fracture of the skull.
• airway compromise.
• intracranial bleeding.
• spinal cord injury. - Answer C. intracranial bleeding.
Force acting over a distance is the definition
of:Select one:
• work.
• latent energy.
• kinetic energy.
• potential energy. - Answer A. work.
The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:
Select one:
• the detection of less obvious life-threatening injuries.
• a predictable pattern that leads to serious injuries.
• your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.
• the way in which traumatic injuries occur. - Answer C. your awareness and
concernfor potentially serious underlying injuries.
,When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember
that:
Select one:
• solid organs usually rupture from the pressure wave.
• secondary blast injuries are usually the least obvious.
• primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.
• primary blast injuries are typically the most obvious. - Answer C. primary
blastinjuries are the most easily overlooked.
When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember
that:Select one:
• any fall in the elderly is considered to be high-energy trauma.
• osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position.
• bilateral hip fractures usually occur when an elderly person falls.
• elderly patients who fall usually have a secondary head injury. - Answer
B. osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing
position.
When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:
Select one:
• quadruples.
• is not affected.
• triples.
• doubles. - Answer A. quadruples.
Which of the following destinations is most appropriate for a 41-year-old male
patientwho was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision and is unconscious
and unresponsive, assuming that travel times to each is equal?
Select one:
• A Level I or Level II trauma center
• Only a Level I trauma center
• A Level IV or Level III trauma center
• Any designated trauma center is acceptable. - Answer A. A Level I or Level II
traumacenter
Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of
high-energy trauma?
Select one:
• Intrusion into the vehicle
• Dismounted seats
• Steering wheel deformity
• Deployment of the air bag - Answer D. Deployment of the air bag
Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the
thirdcollision in a motor vehicle crash?
Select one:
, • Flail chest
• Forehead lacerations
• Aortic rupture
• Extremity fractures - Answer C. Aortic rupture
Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient
withmultisystem trauma?
Select one:
• Intravenous fluid administration
• Early administration of oxygen
• Rapid transport to a trauma center
• Elevation of the lower extremities - Answer C. Rapid transport to a trauma center
Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?
Select one:
• The size of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.
• High-velocity bullets will cause less severe internal injuries.
• The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.
• Low-velocity bullets will cause the greatest amount of trauma. - Answer C.
Thespeed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.
Which types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple
impacts?
Select one:
• Lateral and rollover
• Frontal and rotational
• Rotational and rollover
• Rear-end and rotational - Answer C. Rotational and rollover
While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you
that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states
thatthe child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis
of thisinformation, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:
Select one:
• lower extremity fractures.
• neck and facial injuries.
• blunt trauma to the head.
• open abdominal trauma. - Answer B. neck and facial injuries.
Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood
pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. His Revised Trauma
Score (RTS)is:
Select one:
A. 10.
B. 11.
