UNE Medical Biochemistry Midterm Review
Verified Questions And Answers
Ribose and NADPH ✅A family presents for genetic counseling. The couple has two
female children who are alive and well; however, their infant son recently died in the
nursery with severe hemolysis (lysis of red blood cells) and jaundice. The wife recalls
she lost a brother in infancy with severe hemolysis, induced after a viral infection. The
physician suspects a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, this would result
in a deficiency in which of the following compounds in red blood cells?
Transketolase ✅A patient presents to the emergency department with lactic acidosis.
A deficiency in thiamine (TPP) is suspected and this will be consistent with a decrease
in the activity of following enzymes?
UDP-Glucose ✅Galactose 1-phosphate is initially converted to glucose 1-phosphate
and requires which of the following compounds?
Thiamine diphosphate ✅Which of the following cofactors is required for transketolase
activity?
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate ✅Aldolase B facilities a reaction that cleaves fructose 1-
phosphate into two 3-carbon molecules that will enter glycolysis as which of the
following compounds?
Glycolysis ✅High levels of activity of the non-oxidative portion of the pentose
phosphate pathway will directly produce intermediates of which of the following
pathways?
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase ✅The major regulatory step of the pentose
phosphate pathway is catalyzed by which enzyme?
VLDL particles ✅Insulin stimulates fatty acid synthesis in the liver. These fatty acids
are transported to the adipose tissue as which of the following?
Free fatty acids ✅A young woman goes to work without eating breakfast and skips
lunch. In this scenario, which of the following pathways is providing substrates used to
generate ATP in the liver?
Glucagon ✅Caffeine is a natural inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. If you were to
consume a large amount of coffee you would likely see a prolonged response to which
of the following stimulants or hormones?
, They enhance transcription when bound to receptors ✅A teenage female presenting
with lack of menstruation (amenorrhea) is found to have a dysfunctional steroid receptor
characteristic of androgen insensitivity syndrome. Which of the following statements
accurately describes steroid hormones?
Intracellular receptors ✅Steroid hormones bind which of the following types of
receptors?
They are specific to a chemical messenger ✅Which of the following is a characteristic
of all receptors?
Free fatty acids ✅What is the primary oxidized fuel for skeletal muscle in the fasted
state?
Cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB) ✅cAMP elicits multiple cellular
responses. The effects of cAMP on gene transcription are directly mediated by which of
the following DNA binding proteins?
GLUT4 ✅An individual is recently diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. In this individual,
hyperglycemia may in part be due to inactivity of which of the following glucose
transporters on skeletal muscle?
Adenylyl cyclase ✅Glycogen degradation in the liver can be enhanced by elevated
glucagon and the activation of a Gαs receptor. The initial step in this cascade involves
which of the following second messengers or active enzymes?
2 ✅Which of the following combinations of compounds is required to fully activate
pyruvate carboxylase (+ indicates compound is necessary; - indicates compound is not
necessary)?
1. Biotin + Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate + Malate -
2. Biotin + Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate - Malate -
3. Biotin - Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate + Malate +
4. Biotin - Acetyl-CoA - Oxaloacetate + Malate +
Acetyl-CoA ✅Which of the following compounds is not a substrate for
gluconeogenesis?
Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency ✅A 1-month-old boy is brought to the emergency
department in a coma after sleeping through the night and failing to awaken in the
morning. He is given intravenous glucose and awakens. Serum levels of pyruvate,
lactate, and alanine are elevated, whereas oxaloacetate and aspartate levels are
reduced. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?
Verified Questions And Answers
Ribose and NADPH ✅A family presents for genetic counseling. The couple has two
female children who are alive and well; however, their infant son recently died in the
nursery with severe hemolysis (lysis of red blood cells) and jaundice. The wife recalls
she lost a brother in infancy with severe hemolysis, induced after a viral infection. The
physician suspects a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, this would result
in a deficiency in which of the following compounds in red blood cells?
Transketolase ✅A patient presents to the emergency department with lactic acidosis.
A deficiency in thiamine (TPP) is suspected and this will be consistent with a decrease
in the activity of following enzymes?
UDP-Glucose ✅Galactose 1-phosphate is initially converted to glucose 1-phosphate
and requires which of the following compounds?
Thiamine diphosphate ✅Which of the following cofactors is required for transketolase
activity?
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate ✅Aldolase B facilities a reaction that cleaves fructose 1-
phosphate into two 3-carbon molecules that will enter glycolysis as which of the
following compounds?
Glycolysis ✅High levels of activity of the non-oxidative portion of the pentose
phosphate pathway will directly produce intermediates of which of the following
pathways?
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase ✅The major regulatory step of the pentose
phosphate pathway is catalyzed by which enzyme?
VLDL particles ✅Insulin stimulates fatty acid synthesis in the liver. These fatty acids
are transported to the adipose tissue as which of the following?
Free fatty acids ✅A young woman goes to work without eating breakfast and skips
lunch. In this scenario, which of the following pathways is providing substrates used to
generate ATP in the liver?
Glucagon ✅Caffeine is a natural inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. If you were to
consume a large amount of coffee you would likely see a prolonged response to which
of the following stimulants or hormones?
, They enhance transcription when bound to receptors ✅A teenage female presenting
with lack of menstruation (amenorrhea) is found to have a dysfunctional steroid receptor
characteristic of androgen insensitivity syndrome. Which of the following statements
accurately describes steroid hormones?
Intracellular receptors ✅Steroid hormones bind which of the following types of
receptors?
They are specific to a chemical messenger ✅Which of the following is a characteristic
of all receptors?
Free fatty acids ✅What is the primary oxidized fuel for skeletal muscle in the fasted
state?
Cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB) ✅cAMP elicits multiple cellular
responses. The effects of cAMP on gene transcription are directly mediated by which of
the following DNA binding proteins?
GLUT4 ✅An individual is recently diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. In this individual,
hyperglycemia may in part be due to inactivity of which of the following glucose
transporters on skeletal muscle?
Adenylyl cyclase ✅Glycogen degradation in the liver can be enhanced by elevated
glucagon and the activation of a Gαs receptor. The initial step in this cascade involves
which of the following second messengers or active enzymes?
2 ✅Which of the following combinations of compounds is required to fully activate
pyruvate carboxylase (+ indicates compound is necessary; - indicates compound is not
necessary)?
1. Biotin + Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate + Malate -
2. Biotin + Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate - Malate -
3. Biotin - Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate + Malate +
4. Biotin - Acetyl-CoA - Oxaloacetate + Malate +
Acetyl-CoA ✅Which of the following compounds is not a substrate for
gluconeogenesis?
Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency ✅A 1-month-old boy is brought to the emergency
department in a coma after sleeping through the night and failing to awaken in the
morning. He is given intravenous glucose and awakens. Serum levels of pyruvate,
lactate, and alanine are elevated, whereas oxaloacetate and aspartate levels are
reduced. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?
