Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology,
Pathophysiology Finals|Latest Update
2023/2024|Rated A+
Vesicollobullous disorders is a type of mucocutaneous disease characterized by vesicles and
bullae. What are some examples? - -Pemphigus, bulbous pemphigoid, erythema multiforme,
SJS, TEN
-Types of Angina - -stable, unstable, variant/printzmetal, silent
-A 3-day old infant is noted to have a mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin level and
icterus. Your concern is that this child may have:
a. physiologic jaundice
b. kernicterus
c. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
d. pathologic jaundice - -physiologic jaundice
-Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury?
a. lysosomes
b. ribosomesc. smooth endoplasmi
c reticulum
d. golgi complex - -Lysosomes
-Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A) lysosomes
B) peroxisomes
C) ribosomes
D) oxyhydrosomes - -Ans: B- peroxisomes
-The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes:
a. all of these answers are correct
b. are smaller in size
c. contain organelles
d. have no nuclear membrane - -Contain organelles and complex internal membranes
-What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?
A) enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthese
B) influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production
C) edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production
D) potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure - -Ans: B-
influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production
-Which of the following is function of Golgi?
,a. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
b. Produces ATP for cell function
c. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
d. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell - -Packages protein for secretion to the outside of
the cell
-Which statement is a description of one of the characteristics of apoptosis?
A) apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells
B) apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the nucleus and the cytoplasm
C) apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell death
D) apoptosis results in benign malignancies - -Ans: A- apoptosis involves programmed cell
death of scattered singel cells
-During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because:
A) during cell injury cause by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because:
B) the pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels
C) the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane
D) oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain it outside of the cell - -Ans: C-
the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane
-Which of the following is function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
b. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
c. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
d. Produces ATP for cell function - -Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
-Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:
A) adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling
B) the metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than those of lean adults
C) the rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than thos of lean adults
D) the thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively - -Ans: A- adipose
cells contain little water because fat is water repelling
-What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one of a
pair of identical twins?
a. genomic imprinting
b. epigenetic modifications
c. methylation
d. transgenerational inheritance - -Epigenetic modifications
-Transcription is best defined as a process by which
a. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence
b. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA.
c. RNA directs the synthesis of ribosomes for protein synthesis
d. RNA is synthesized from a DNA template - -RNA is synthesized from a DNA template
, -What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
a. paternal translocation
b. paternal viral illness
c. nondisjunction error
d. maternal viral illness - -nondisjunction error
-A person with XXXY has the genetic disorder called __________ syndrome.
a. down
b. fragile x
c. klinefelter
d. turner - -klinefelter
-Cystic fibrosis is caused by an __________________ gene.
a. x-linked dominant
b. autosomal recessive
c. autosomal dominant
d. x-linked recessive - -autosomal recessive
-What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage,
and coma in hypernatremia?
A) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the blood vessels,
causing brain cells to shrink
B) high sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the blood vessels into the brain cells,
causing them to swell
C) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls potassium out of the brain cells, which slows the
synapses in the brain
D) high sodium in the blood vessels draws chloride into the brain cells followed by water,
causing the brain cells to swell - -Ans: A- high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out
of the brain cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink
-Organelle that contains the code needed for oxidative phosphorylation is:
a. mitochondria
b. lysosomes
c. nucleus
d. vacuoles - -mitochondria
-Programmed cell death is an active process of cellular self-destruction. It is also referred
to as
a. apoptosis
b. necrosis
c. metastatic calcification
d. gangrene - -Apoptosis
-The nucleolus is a small dense structure composed mainly of RNA and cellular DNA. What
causes the DNA to bind and fold into chromosomes?
a. amino acid sequences
b. histones
c. polymerase
d. miRNA - -Histones
Pathophysiology Finals|Latest Update
2023/2024|Rated A+
Vesicollobullous disorders is a type of mucocutaneous disease characterized by vesicles and
bullae. What are some examples? - -Pemphigus, bulbous pemphigoid, erythema multiforme,
SJS, TEN
-Types of Angina - -stable, unstable, variant/printzmetal, silent
-A 3-day old infant is noted to have a mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin level and
icterus. Your concern is that this child may have:
a. physiologic jaundice
b. kernicterus
c. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
d. pathologic jaundice - -physiologic jaundice
-Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury?
a. lysosomes
b. ribosomesc. smooth endoplasmi
c reticulum
d. golgi complex - -Lysosomes
-Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A) lysosomes
B) peroxisomes
C) ribosomes
D) oxyhydrosomes - -Ans: B- peroxisomes
-The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes:
a. all of these answers are correct
b. are smaller in size
c. contain organelles
d. have no nuclear membrane - -Contain organelles and complex internal membranes
-What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?
A) enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthese
B) influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production
C) edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in ATP production
D) potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure - -Ans: B-
influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production
-Which of the following is function of Golgi?
,a. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
b. Produces ATP for cell function
c. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
d. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell - -Packages protein for secretion to the outside of
the cell
-Which statement is a description of one of the characteristics of apoptosis?
A) apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells
B) apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the nucleus and the cytoplasm
C) apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell death
D) apoptosis results in benign malignancies - -Ans: A- apoptosis involves programmed cell
death of scattered singel cells
-During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because:
A) during cell injury cause by hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell because:
B) the pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels
C) the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane
D) oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain it outside of the cell - -Ans: C-
the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane
-Which of the following is function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
b. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
c. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
d. Produces ATP for cell function - -Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
-Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:
A) adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling
B) the metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than those of lean adults
C) the rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than thos of lean adults
D) the thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function effectively - -Ans: A- adipose
cells contain little water because fat is water repelling
-What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one of a
pair of identical twins?
a. genomic imprinting
b. epigenetic modifications
c. methylation
d. transgenerational inheritance - -Epigenetic modifications
-Transcription is best defined as a process by which
a. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence
b. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA.
c. RNA directs the synthesis of ribosomes for protein synthesis
d. RNA is synthesized from a DNA template - -RNA is synthesized from a DNA template
, -What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
a. paternal translocation
b. paternal viral illness
c. nondisjunction error
d. maternal viral illness - -nondisjunction error
-A person with XXXY has the genetic disorder called __________ syndrome.
a. down
b. fragile x
c. klinefelter
d. turner - -klinefelter
-Cystic fibrosis is caused by an __________________ gene.
a. x-linked dominant
b. autosomal recessive
c. autosomal dominant
d. x-linked recessive - -autosomal recessive
-What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage,
and coma in hypernatremia?
A) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the blood vessels,
causing brain cells to shrink
B) high sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the blood vessels into the brain cells,
causing them to swell
C) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls potassium out of the brain cells, which slows the
synapses in the brain
D) high sodium in the blood vessels draws chloride into the brain cells followed by water,
causing the brain cells to swell - -Ans: A- high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out
of the brain cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink
-Organelle that contains the code needed for oxidative phosphorylation is:
a. mitochondria
b. lysosomes
c. nucleus
d. vacuoles - -mitochondria
-Programmed cell death is an active process of cellular self-destruction. It is also referred
to as
a. apoptosis
b. necrosis
c. metastatic calcification
d. gangrene - -Apoptosis
-The nucleolus is a small dense structure composed mainly of RNA and cellular DNA. What
causes the DNA to bind and fold into chromosomes?
a. amino acid sequences
b. histones
c. polymerase
d. miRNA - -Histones
