WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGYFINAL EXAM 300+ REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
LATEST 2023/ WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
LATEST
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - ANSWER- T cells
produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells produce
antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. -
ANSWER- Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? -
ANSWER- Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect
wellbeing. -ANSWER- (ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v
or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - ANSWER- Renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys
to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II >
vasoconstriction > release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and
water > Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure maintained.
DKA - ANSWER- increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - ANSWER- retain H and
excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? -
ANSWER- Potassium
,West Nile Virus - ANSWER- Transmitted through the bite of an
infected mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms; high fever, headache
and stiff neck
Lyme disease - ANSWER- Tick-borne disease caused by the
spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - ANSWER- a febrile upper respiratory illness
in a child followed by the sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks,
"fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with .-
ANSWER- Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign - ANSWER- arm/carpal spasm associated with
hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida - ANSWER- results from failure of
neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - ANSWER- males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - ANSWER- ND-PAE,
decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - ANSWER- Connective- RA,
Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - ANSWER- Inflammatory disorder characterized by
joint pain and butterfly rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis - ANSWER- It is an autoimmune
disorder where antibodies attack own Ach receptors. This causes
,weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along with
ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - ANSWER- inflammation of the skin
eczema - ANSWER- noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease
characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer - ANSWER- sore caused by lying down for long
periods of time
Fungal infections - ANSWER- superficial, localized skin conditions or
deep tissue infections caused by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm - ANSWER- noncancerous growths, stationary,
distinct borders
malignant neoplasm - ANSWER- uncontrolled new tissue growth,
irregular borders, spreads
Osteoporosis - ANSWER- The loss of bone mass often due to age,
causing the bones to become porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
osteomalacia - ANSWER- disease marked by softening of the bone
caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency
myoglobin - ANSWER- red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa - ANSWER- fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of
one part of ajoint over another
Rickets - ANSWER- a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in
soft bones
, Degenerative disk disease - ANSWER- A condition in which an
intervertebral disk loses its normal structural integrity as a result of
wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging
Paget disease - ANSWER- Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting
in thickening and softening of bones, that can occur in any bone but
most commonlyaffects the long bones of the legs, the lower spine, the
pelvis, and the skull
communiuted fracture - ANSWER- splintered into many pieces
Three types of skin cancer - ANSWER- 1. Basal cell
carcinoma2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Melanoma
basal cell carcinoma - ANSWER- Most common and least severe type
of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules. Rarely
metastasize, most common on face due to sun exposure
squamous cell carcinoma - ANSWER- Type of skin cancer more
serious than basal cell carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red
crusted papules or firm nodules.
Melanoma - ANSWER- The most serious form of skin cancer,
caucasian males athighest risk, usually black or brown lesion
consequences when integumentary system is disrupted - ANSWER-
impaired immunity
types of burns - ANSWER- Superficial (1st degree) -
red/painfulPartial-thickness (2nd degree) -
wet/pink/painful
Full-thickness (3rd degree) -white/swollen/no pain
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
LATEST 2023/ WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
LATEST
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - ANSWER- T cells
produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells produce
antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. -
ANSWER- Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? -
ANSWER- Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect
wellbeing. -ANSWER- (ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v
or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - ANSWER- Renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone system1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys
to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II >
vasoconstriction > release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and
water > Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure maintained.
DKA - ANSWER- increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - ANSWER- retain H and
excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? -
ANSWER- Potassium
,West Nile Virus - ANSWER- Transmitted through the bite of an
infected mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms; high fever, headache
and stiff neck
Lyme disease - ANSWER- Tick-borne disease caused by the
spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - ANSWER- a febrile upper respiratory illness
in a child followed by the sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks,
"fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with .-
ANSWER- Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign - ANSWER- arm/carpal spasm associated with
hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida - ANSWER- results from failure of
neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - ANSWER- males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - ANSWER- ND-PAE,
decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - ANSWER- Connective- RA,
Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - ANSWER- Inflammatory disorder characterized by
joint pain and butterfly rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis - ANSWER- It is an autoimmune
disorder where antibodies attack own Ach receptors. This causes
,weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along with
ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - ANSWER- inflammation of the skin
eczema - ANSWER- noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease
characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer - ANSWER- sore caused by lying down for long
periods of time
Fungal infections - ANSWER- superficial, localized skin conditions or
deep tissue infections caused by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm - ANSWER- noncancerous growths, stationary,
distinct borders
malignant neoplasm - ANSWER- uncontrolled new tissue growth,
irregular borders, spreads
Osteoporosis - ANSWER- The loss of bone mass often due to age,
causing the bones to become porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
osteomalacia - ANSWER- disease marked by softening of the bone
caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency
myoglobin - ANSWER- red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa - ANSWER- fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of
one part of ajoint over another
Rickets - ANSWER- a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in
soft bones
, Degenerative disk disease - ANSWER- A condition in which an
intervertebral disk loses its normal structural integrity as a result of
wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging
Paget disease - ANSWER- Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting
in thickening and softening of bones, that can occur in any bone but
most commonlyaffects the long bones of the legs, the lower spine, the
pelvis, and the skull
communiuted fracture - ANSWER- splintered into many pieces
Three types of skin cancer - ANSWER- 1. Basal cell
carcinoma2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Melanoma
basal cell carcinoma - ANSWER- Most common and least severe type
of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules. Rarely
metastasize, most common on face due to sun exposure
squamous cell carcinoma - ANSWER- Type of skin cancer more
serious than basal cell carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red
crusted papules or firm nodules.
Melanoma - ANSWER- The most serious form of skin cancer,
caucasian males athighest risk, usually black or brown lesion
consequences when integumentary system is disrupted - ANSWER-
impaired immunity
types of burns - ANSWER- Superficial (1st degree) -
red/painfulPartial-thickness (2nd degree) -
wet/pink/painful
Full-thickness (3rd degree) -white/swollen/no pain
